{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1259516899","doi":null,"title":"Effects of Receptive-Field (RF) Surround Stimulation on Orientation Tuning of V1 and V2 Neurons in Macaque Monkeys","display_name":"Effects of Receptive-Field (RF) Surround Stimulation on Orientation Tuning of V1 and V2 Neurons in Macaque Monkeys","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1259516899","mag":"1259516899"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:nsuworks.nova.edu:hpd_opt_facpres-1008","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://nsuworks.nova.edu/hpd_opt_facpres/9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196410","display_name":"NSUWorks (Nova Southeastern University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I203088144","host_organization_name":"Nova Southeastern University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203088144"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty Proceedings, Presentations, Posters, Speeches, Lectures, etc.","raw_type":"poster"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054151356","display_name":"Jianghe Zheng","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianghe Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100392906","display_name":"Bin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1303-2397","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1303-2397"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1303-2397","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100537912","display_name":"Hua Bi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0456-3575","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0456-3575"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hua Bi","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014281350","display_name":"Ichiro Watanabe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7548-9005","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7548-9005"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ichiro Watanabe","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004387958","display_name":"Yunlong Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3882-158X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3882-158X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunlong Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033821452","display_name":"Earl L. Smith III","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0000-7996","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0000-7996"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Earl Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0000-7996","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106176995","display_name":"Yuzo M. Chino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3990-3149","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3990-3149"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuzo M. Chino","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3990-3149","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.10151483,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"47","issue":"13","first_page":"5365","last_page":"5365"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10077","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12032","display_name":"Multisensory perception and integration","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/receptive-field-surround","display_name":"receptive field surround","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orientation-tuning","display_name":"orientation tuning","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orientation-selectivity","display_name":"orientation selectivity","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/primary-visual-cortex","display_name":"primary visual cortex","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secondary-visual-cortex","display_name":"secondary visual cortex","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/v2","display_name":"V2","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/circular-variance","display_name":"circular variance","score":0.5600000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tuning-bandwidth","display_name":"tuning bandwidth","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-range-connectivity","display_name":"long-range connectivity","score":0.597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feedback-connections","display_name":"feedback connections","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macaque-visual-cortex","display_name":"macaque visual cortex","score":0.5989999771118164}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19071747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1755207","display_name":"Receptive field","level":2,"score":0.939418375492096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778950215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177601","display_name":"Macaque","level":2,"score":0.9001439809799194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.7247080206871033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24998067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4114622","display_name":"Stimulation","level":2,"score":0.6488512754440308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16345878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107472979","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","level":2,"score":0.6256264448165894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198381616","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17157188","display_name":"Surround suppression","level":4,"score":0.4282630681991577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.32123541831970215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178253425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162668","display_name":"Visual perception","level":3,"score":0.10732781887054443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07146897912025452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.035512566566467285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:nsuworks.nova.edu:hpd_opt_facpres-1008","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://nsuworks.nova.edu/hpd_opt_facpres/9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196410","display_name":"NSUWorks (Nova Southeastern University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I203088144","host_organization_name":"Nova Southeastern University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203088144"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty Proceedings, Presentations, Posters, Speeches, Lectures, etc.","raw_type":"poster"},{"id":"mag:1259516899","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2395150","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S76304953","display_name":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science","issn_l":"0146-0404","issn":["0146-0404","1552-5783"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321950","host_organization_name":"Cadmus Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321950"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cadmus Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2307592824","https://openalex.org/W2349846335","https://openalex.org/W1964949962","https://openalex.org/W2165422719","https://openalex.org/W2374842379","https://openalex.org/W7098645291","https://openalex.org/W2030933427","https://openalex.org/W2344940622","https://openalex.org/W7029942806","https://openalex.org/W2080787519"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Purpose:":[0],":":[1,85,189,243],"It":[2],"is":[3],"a":[4,179],"matter":[5],"of":[6,14,28,54,61,72,106,132,167,182,185,197,200,208,232],"considerable":[7],"debate":[8],"as":[9],"to":[10,17,80,128,240,261,280],"how":[11],"the":[12,25,58,68,101,130,194,198,217,228,248,258],"sensitivity":[13],"cortical":[15],"neurons":[16,32,149],"stimulus":[18],"orientation":[19,59,105,165,195,249],"emerges.":[20],"We":[21],"previously":[22],"reported":[23],"that":[24,247,275],"response":[26],"properties":[27],"V1":[29,146,202,224,290],"and":[30,64,70,94,104,136,147,176,203,225,274,291],"V2":[31,62,77,148,204,238],"are":[33,78],"influenced":[34],"by":[35,150,172,177,266,283],"stimulating":[36],"large":[37],"areas":[38],"surrounding":[39],"their":[40],"classic":[41],"receptive\u2013fields":[42],"(Zhang":[43],"et":[44],"al,":[45],"2005).":[46],"In":[47],"this":[48,73,209],"study":[49],"we":[50,123],"determined":[51,171],"whether":[52,67],"stimulation":[53,191,234,255],"RF":[55,134,157,162],"surrounds":[56],"improves":[57],"selectivity":[60,166],"neurons,":[63],"if":[65],"so,":[66],"nature":[69],"degree":[71],"sharpening":[74,230],"effect":[75],"in":[76,82,91,153,213,223,237,289],"similar":[79,212],"those":[81],"V1.":[83,241],"Methods:":[84],"Microelectrode":[86],"recording":[87],"experiments":[88],"were":[89,142,235,264],"conducted":[90],"two":[92,218],"anesthetized":[93],"paralyzed":[95],"normal":[96],"adult":[97],"monkeys.":[98],"After":[99],"optimizing":[100],"spatial":[102],"frequency":[103],"sine":[107],"wave":[108],"gratings":[109,152],"(diameter":[110],"=":[111,114,118],"4.5,":[112],"TF":[113],"3.1":[115],"Hz,":[116],"contrast":[117],"80%)":[119],"for":[120,144,216],"each":[121,168,214],"unit,":[122],"obtained":[124,143],"area":[125],"summation":[126],"functions":[127,141],"determine":[129],"extent":[131],"unit's":[133],"center":[135,158],"surround.":[137,163],"The":[138,164,206],"orientation/direction":[139],"tuning":[140,186,196,250],"individual":[145],"drifting":[151],"12":[154],"directions":[155],"over":[156],"with":[159,253],"or":[160,271],"without":[161],"unit":[169,215],"was":[170,211,251],"calculating":[173,183],"circular":[174],"variances":[175],"using":[178],"traditional":[180],"method":[181],"bandwidths":[184],"functions.":[187],"Results:":[188],"Surround":[190],"significantly":[192],"improved":[193],"majority":[199],"both":[201,222],"neurons.":[205],"magnitude":[207],"improvement":[210],"analysis":[219],"methods":[220],"employed":[221],"V2.":[226,292],"However,":[227],"overall":[229],"effects":[231,278],"surround":[233,254,277],"greater":[236],"compared":[239],"Conclusions:":[242],"These":[244],"results":[245],"suggest":[246],"narrower":[252],"primarily":[256],"because":[257],"units":[259],"responses":[260],"non\u2013optimal":[262],"orientations":[263],"suppressed":[265],"long\u2013range":[267],"signals":[268],"via":[269],"intrinsic":[270],"feedback":[272],"connections":[273],"these":[276],"appear":[279],"be":[281],"mediated":[282],"similar,":[284],"but":[285],"not":[286],"identical,":[287],"mechanisms":[288]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}