{"id":"https://openalex.org/W12585591","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1190221","title":"The Aims of the Criminal Law","display_name":"The Aims of the Criminal Law","publication_year":1958,"publication_date":"1958-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W12585591","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1190221","mag":"12585591"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/1190221","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1190221","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1190221","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765008069","display_name":"Law and Contemporary Problems","issn_l":"0023-9186","issn":["0023-9186","1945-2322"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","jufo-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315552","host_organization_name":"Duke University School of Law","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315552","https://openalex.org/P4310315572"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Duke University School of Law","Duke University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Law and Contemporary Problems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2758&context=lcp","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015669528","display_name":"Henry M. Hart","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Henry M. Hart","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015669528"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":175,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00113895,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"3","first_page":"401","last_page":"401"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13376","display_name":"Criminal Law and Policy","score":0.9595000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13376","display_name":"Criminal Law and Policy","score":0.9595000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12736","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Penology","score":0.03290000185370445,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14493","display_name":"Criminal Law and Evidence","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/purposes-of-criminal-law","display_name":"purpose of criminal law","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criminal-law-theory","display_name":"criminal law theory","score":0.6230000257492065}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.6535871624946594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202565627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146491","display_name":"Criminal law","level":2,"score":0.5733009576797485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5084401965141296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C504945742","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146071","display_name":"Criminal procedure","level":2,"score":0.5078499913215637}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/1190221","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1190221","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1190221","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765008069","display_name":"Law and Contemporary Problems","issn_l":"0023-9186","issn":["0023-9186","1945-2322"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","jufo-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315552","host_organization_name":"Duke University School of Law","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315552","https://openalex.org/P4310315572"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Duke University School of Law","Duke University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Law and Contemporary Problems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarship.law.duke.edu:lcp-2758","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/lcp/vol23/iss3/2","pdf_url":"https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2758&context=lcp","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402048","display_name":"Duke Law Scholarship Repository (Duke University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","host_organization_name":"Duke University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Law and Contemporary Problems","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarship.law.duke.edu:lcp-2758","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/lcp/vol23/iss3/2","pdf_url":"https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2758&context=lcp","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402048","display_name":"Duke Law Scholarship Repository (Duke University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","host_organization_name":"Duke University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Law and Contemporary Problems","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9595999717712402,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W12585591.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W12585591.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2588239665","https://openalex.org/W4251101741","https://openalex.org/W129212941","https://openalex.org/W4236581229","https://openalex.org/W2796099212","https://openalex.org/W1987622447","https://openalex.org/W7046256998","https://openalex.org/W4302360842","https://openalex.org/W3121571527","https://openalex.org/W2797668827"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}