{"id":"https://openalex.org/W125747417","doi":null,"title":"Isolation and characterization of active elderberry fractions that inhibit melanoma growth in vitro and in vivo","display_name":"Isolation and characterization of active elderberry fractions that inhibit melanoma growth in vitro and in vivo","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W125747417","mag":"125747417"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:docs.lib.purdue.edu:dissertations-13989","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/dissertations/AAI1548052","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196310","display_name":"Purdue e-Pubs (Purdue University System)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801333002","host_organization_name":"Purdue University System","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801333002"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Theses and Dissertations Available from ProQuest","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059188754","display_name":"Alexandra M. Okihiro","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162817326","display_name":"Indiana University \u2013 Purdue University Fort Wayne","ror":"https://ror.org/01jxzq227","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162817326"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alexandra M. Okihiro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indiana University\u2014Purdue University, Fort Wayne"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indiana University\u2014Purdue University, Fort Wayne","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162817326"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059188754"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162817326"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14521","display_name":"Medicinal Plant Research","score":0.49320000410079956,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14521","display_name":"Medicinal Plant Research","score":0.49320000410079956,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13483","display_name":"Herbal Medicine Research Studies","score":0.18410000205039978,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2707","display_name":"Complementary and alternative medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10035","display_name":"Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities","score":0.09719999879598618,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2704","display_name":"Biochemistry (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sambucus","display_name":"elderberry","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sambucus-nigra","display_name":"Sambucus nigra","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/melanoma","display_name":"melanoma","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tumor-growth-inhibition","display_name":"tumor growth inhibition","score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunosenescence","display_name":"immunosenescence","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/t-cell-proliferation","display_name":"T cell proliferation","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/il-2-secretion","display_name":"IL-2 secretion","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spleen-cell-proliferation","display_name":"spleen cell proliferation","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/b16f10-melanoma","display_name":"B16F10 melanoma","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aged-mice","display_name":"aged mice","score":0.39500001072883606}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.7568821310997009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777658100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180614","display_name":"Melanoma","level":2,"score":0.7308759093284607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207001950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141124","display_name":"In vivo","level":2,"score":0.6289105415344238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502942594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914","display_name":"Cancer research","level":1,"score":0.5440690517425537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.5406777858734131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4974651634693146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.4829799234867096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96232424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4118072","display_name":"Cancer cell","level":3,"score":0.4411100745201111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202751555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681","display_name":"In vitro","level":2,"score":0.43273210525512695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.36355090141296387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.19084444642066956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.08857271075248718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150903083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108","display_name":"Biotechnology","level":1,"score":0.07595241069793701}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:docs.lib.purdue.edu:dissertations-13989","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/dissertations/AAI1548052","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196310","display_name":"Purdue e-Pubs (Purdue University System)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801333002","host_organization_name":"Purdue University System","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801333002"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Theses and Dissertations Available from ProQuest","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:opus.ipfw.edu:masters_theses-1023","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://opus.ipfw.edu/masters_theses/24","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400213","display_name":"Opus: Research & Creativity (Indiana University \u2013 Purdue University Fort Wayne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I162817326","host_organization_name":"Indiana University \u2013 Purdue University Fort Wayne","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162817326"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Masters' Theses","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:125747417","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://opus.ipfw.edu/masters_theses/24/","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.98580002784729,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W28083669","https://openalex.org/W1936440928","https://openalex.org/W1943962693","https://openalex.org/W1948827876","https://openalex.org/W1970944406","https://openalex.org/W1971583736","https://openalex.org/W1972779889","https://openalex.org/W1973034565","https://openalex.org/W1980423337","https://openalex.org/W1981987556","https://openalex.org/W1983838873","https://openalex.org/W1989056106","https://openalex.org/W1994671748","https://openalex.org/W2000358520","https://openalex.org/W2008266059","https://openalex.org/W2009590986","https://openalex.org/W2012458099","https://openalex.org/W2013424862","https://openalex.org/W2017899449","https://openalex.org/W2024289876","https://openalex.org/W2033440709","https://openalex.org/W2035965920","https://openalex.org/W2037993859","https://openalex.org/W2043688717","https://openalex.org/W2043913621","https://openalex.org/W2046617955","https://openalex.org/W2052620716","https://openalex.org/W2053089956","https://openalex.org/W2055656744","https://openalex.org/W2060828568","https://openalex.org/W2062761137","https://openalex.org/W2062904391","https://openalex.org/W2067409217","https://openalex.org/W2068954221","https://openalex.org/W2074972685","https://openalex.org/W2078455064","https://openalex.org/W2084484561","https://openalex.org/W2093461890","https://openalex.org/W2102582532","https://openalex.org/W2104013348","https://openalex.org/W2105264763","https://openalex.org/W2106540308","https://openalex.org/W2107233880","https://openalex.org/W2111543511","https://openalex.org/W2119403213","https://openalex.org/W2120517124","https://openalex.org/W2122037714","https://openalex.org/W2124896191","https://openalex.org/W2132253154","https://openalex.org/W2141736687","https://openalex.org/W2145853100","https://openalex.org/W2150456593","https://openalex.org/W2154801407","https://openalex.org/W2163240418","https://openalex.org/W2167172107","https://openalex.org/W2186850677","https://openalex.org/W2299838462","https://openalex.org/W2530014580","https://openalex.org/W2552340999"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1557785817","https://openalex.org/W28083669","https://openalex.org/W2611236857","https://openalex.org/W2088008957","https://openalex.org/W7057794791","https://openalex.org/W2046110177","https://openalex.org/W1967707644","https://openalex.org/W2354903702","https://openalex.org/W640874006","https://openalex.org/W1997783564"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,397],"incidence":[1],"rates":[2],"of":[3,66,101,144,166,176,191,218,237,247,273,290,325,360,452,462,471],"melanoma":[4,201,276,293],"continue":[5],"to":[6,50,91,121,149,161,213,239,268,373,386,404,415],"rise":[7],"annually":[8],"despite":[9],"recent":[10],"progression":[11],"in":[12,60,135,198,221,227,282,349,408,410,428,443,474],"cancer":[13,52,476],"treatments.":[14],"Cancer":[15],"is":[16,94],"the":[17,61,64,108,132,139,163,174,215,241,271,332,350,366,424,438,469],"most":[18],"prevalent":[19],"amongst":[20],"elderly":[21],"individuals,":[22],"where":[23],"immunosenescence":[24],"has":[25],"compromised":[26],"some":[27],"immune":[28,76,111,140],"function,":[29],"and":[30,44,70,88,153,168,179,195,210,226,244,249,277,297,313,320,395,413,432,458],"therefore":[31],"decreased":[32],"certain":[33],"tumor":[34,38,103,155,242,456],"detection":[35],"abilities.":[36],"Current":[37],"removal":[39],"strategies":[40],"include":[41],"radiation,":[42],"chemotherapy":[43],"surgical":[45],"excision:":[46],"treatments":[47,99,220],"that":[48,128],"aim":[49],"lower":[51],"cells,":[53,74],"but":[54],"may":[55,118,137],"also":[56,205,231,287],"affect":[57],"normal":[58,110],"cells":[59,77,281,315,364],"process.":[62],"In":[63,369],"case":[65],"chemotherapy,":[67],"which":[68],"targets":[69],"kills":[71],"rapidly":[72],"dividing":[73],"many":[75,85],"are":[78],"lowered":[79],"as":[80,131,183,185,437],"a":[81,95,291,298,310,317,345],"side":[82],"effect,":[83],"leaving":[84],"patients":[86],"immune-suppressed":[87],"more":[89],"susceptible":[90],"infection.":[92],"There":[93],"need":[96,414],"for":[97,418,468],"naturopathic":[98],"capable":[100],"decreasing":[102],"cell":[104,181,224,294],"proliferation":[105,194,225,330,347],"without":[106],"compromising":[107],"body\u2019s":[109],"function.":[112],"Extracts":[113],"from":[114,316,362,448],"elderberry":[115,167,209,211,219,248,251,257,264,326,384,399],"(Sambucus":[116],"nigra)":[117],"be":[119,405,416],"able":[120,267],"satisfy":[122],"this":[123],"need.":[124],"Previous":[125],"reports":[126],"suggest":[127],"phytochemicals,":[129],"such":[130],"ones":[133],"present":[134],"elderberry,":[136,429],"stimulate":[138],"response":[141,348],"by":[142],"secretion":[143,197,359],"cytokines,":[145],"provide":[146,465],"antioxidant":[147],"protection":[148],"prevent":[150],"cellular":[151],"damage,":[152],"inhibit":[154],"growth":[156,175,272,289],"directly.\\nOur":[157],"primary":[158,426],"goal":[159],"was":[160],"separate":[162],"active":[164,250,356,398,445,453],"components":[165,442],"assess":[169],"their":[170,187],"inhibitory":[171],"effects":[172,188,246],"on":[173,189,253,455,460],"multiple":[177],"cancerous":[178],"transformed":[180,299],"lines,":[182],"well":[184],"characterize":[186],"stimulation":[190],"T":[192],"lymphocyte":[193],"IL-2":[196,361],"vitro.":[199,283],"Murine":[200],"model":[202,421],"experiments":[203,229],"were":[204,230,259,266,393,401,435],"performed":[206,232],"with":[207,233,305,337,382,389],"crude":[208,383],"fractions":[212,252,258,265,286,324,357,400,446,454],"analyze":[214],"tumor-suppressive":[216],"activity":[217],"vivo.":[222],"Spleen":[223],"vivo":[228,411],"different":[234,444],"aged":[235,254,319],"groups":[236],"mice":[238,371,387],"uncover":[240],"\u2013inhibiting":[243],"immune-inducing":[245,441,463],"mice.":[255],"Active":[256],"then":[260],"preliminarily":[261],"identified.\\nAll":[262],"separated":[263,285,323,447],"significantly":[269],"suppress":[270],"B16-F10":[274],"murine":[275],"SH-SY5Y":[278],"human":[279,292],"neuroblastoma":[280],"Several":[284],"inhibited":[288],"line,":[295,301],"MeWo,":[296],"non-cancerous":[300],"CHO-K1.":[302],"When":[303],"incubated":[304,336],"concanavalin":[306],"A":[307,339],"(Con":[308],"A,":[309],"known":[311],"mitogen)":[312],"spleen":[314,353,363],"middle":[318],"old":[321],"mouse,":[322],"did":[327],"not":[328],"increase":[329],"above":[331,365],"positive":[333,367,450],"control":[334],"(cells":[335],"con":[338],"only)":[340],",":[341],"however,":[342],"they":[343],"induced":[344,358,372],"larger":[346,394],"older":[351],"mouse":[352,420],"cells.":[354],"Three":[355],"control.":[368],"general,":[370],"produce":[374],"tumors":[375,379,392],"developed":[376],"smaller,":[377],"localized":[378],"when":[380],"treated":[381,388],"compared":[385],"water,":[390],"whose":[391],"metastatic.":[396],"too":[402],"potent":[403],"successfully":[406],"implemented":[407],"an":[409],"experiment,":[412],"diluted":[417],"future":[419],"experiments.":[422],"Of":[423],"four":[425],"anthocyanins":[427],"cyanidin":[430,433],"3-sambubioside":[431],"3-glucoside":[434],"identified":[436],"major":[439],"tumor-inhibiting,":[440],"elderberry.\\nThe":[449],"benefits":[451],"suppression":[457],"potentially":[459],"modulation":[461],"mechanisms":[464],"further":[466],"support":[467],"use":[470],"bioactive":[472],"phytochemicals":[473],"preventative":[475],"treatment.":[477]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
