{"id":"https://openalex.org/W124668419","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21236/ada341861","title":"Experimental Study of Fire Suppression with Water Mist 1. Small Gaseous Diffusion Flame","display_name":"Experimental Study of Fire Suppression with Water Mist 1. Small Gaseous Diffusion Flame","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-04-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W124668419","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21236/ada341861","mag":"124668419"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21236/ada341861","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21236/ada341861","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.21236/ada341861","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923043","display_name":"Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"US Dept of the Navy","raw_type":"report"},"volume":null,"type":"report","is_traditional":false,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073136293","display_name":"Chuka C. Ndubizu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. C. Ndubizu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050302266","display_name":"Ramagopal Ananth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7976-0867","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7976-0867"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Ananth","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004861454","display_name":"Patricia A. Tatem","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. A. Tatem","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11317","display_name":"Fire dynamics and safety research","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11317","display_name":"Fire dynamics and safety research","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10553","display_name":"Combustion and flame dynamics","score":0.004699999932199717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10117","display_name":"Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1507","display_name":"Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-mist","display_name":"water mist","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fire-suppression","display_name":"fire suppression","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/methane-air-flames","display_name":"methane-air flames","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latent-heat","display_name":"latent heat","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-capacity","display_name":"heat capacity","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxygen-dilution","display_name":"oxygen dilution","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flame-temperature","display_name":"flame temperature","score":0.6010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flame-height","display_name":"flame height","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infrared-thermography","display_name":"infrared thermography","score":0.5540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flame-model","display_name":"flame model","score":0.30300000309944153}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6831451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192196","display_name":"Mist","level":2,"score":0.9134026765823364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6506403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909245","display_name":"Diffusion flame","level":4,"score":0.5873898863792419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69357855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163214","display_name":"Diffusion","level":2,"score":0.5600146055221558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5424400568008423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.43032291531562805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4190082252025604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116915560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83504","display_name":"Nuclear engineering","level":1,"score":0.37595435976982117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.35025665163993835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.33243611454963684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.27287086844444275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.254047691822052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105923489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133235","display_name":"Combustion","level":2,"score":0.14942637085914612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13619083166122437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.11243590712547302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11182445287704468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.04962626099586487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83104080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3809680","display_name":"Combustor","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21236/ada341861","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21236/ada341861","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.21236/ada341861","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923043","display_name":"Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"US Dept of the Navy","raw_type":"report"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W71556704","https://openalex.org/W1584085415","https://openalex.org/W1965791349","https://openalex.org/W2036882346","https://openalex.org/W2082272166","https://openalex.org/W2129242726","https://openalex.org/W3042372996","https://openalex.org/W3160363988"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2015167339","https://openalex.org/W2367119494","https://openalex.org/W1973877724","https://openalex.org/W2901700777","https://openalex.org/W2357807391","https://openalex.org/W2389556474","https://openalex.org/W2004648779","https://openalex.org/W2615659741","https://openalex.org/W2580640599","https://openalex.org/W2093993666"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],":":[1],"This":[2],"report":[3,200],"presents":[4],"a":[5,26,53,71,96,171],"study":[6],"of":[7,11,25,86,101,134,155,162,177,188,207,215],"the":[8,21,35,43,102,108,125,135,141,150,166,183,186,205],"relative":[9],"contributions":[10,206],"latent":[12,189],"heat,":[13,190],"heat":[14,142,191],"capacity":[15,192],"effects":[16,187],"and":[17,89,116,128,144,165,193],"oxygen":[18,194,216],"dilution":[19,195],"in":[20,58,78,95,149,170],"water":[22,90,121,178],"mist":[23,51,91,122,179],"suppression":[24],"gaseous":[27],"diffusion":[28,75,184],"flame.":[29,76],"The":[30,160,199],"work":[31],"is":[32,52],"motivated":[33],"by":[34],"urgent":[36],"need":[37],"to":[38,42,69,139,182],"find":[39],"an":[40],"alternative":[41,55],"banned":[44],"halogen":[45],"based":[46],"fire":[47],"suppressing":[48],"agents.":[49],"Water":[50],"contending":[54],"agent":[56],"especially":[57],"total":[59],"flooding":[60],"applications.":[61],"A":[62,131],"modified":[63],"Wolfhard-":[64],"Parker":[65],"burner":[66],"was":[67,137],"used":[68,138],"establish":[70],"2D":[72],"methane":[73],"air":[74],"Drops":[77],"flame":[79,126,129,136,151],"temperature":[80,115,127],"were":[81,92,104,158],"measured":[82],"when":[83,152],"various":[84,156],"quantities":[85,176],"nitrogen,":[87],"steam":[88],"added":[93,181],"independently":[94],"co-flow":[97,172],"arrangement.":[98],"Thermal":[99],"images":[100],"flames":[103],"also":[105,201],"obtained":[106],"using":[107],"Agema":[109],"Thennovision":[110],"(trade":[111],"name)":[112],"Instrument.":[113],"Both":[114],"IR":[117],"measurements":[118],"show":[119,168],"that":[120,169,203],"suppresses":[123],"both":[124,163],"height.":[130],"simple":[132],"model":[133],"estimate":[140],"generation":[143],"loss":[145],"processes":[146],"taking":[147],"place":[148],"small":[153,175],"amounts":[154],"suppressants":[157],"added.":[159],"results":[161],"experiments":[164],"analysis":[167],"arrangement,":[173],"where":[174],"are":[180,196,210],"flame,":[185],"all":[197],"important.":[198],"shows":[202],"overall,":[204],"thermal":[208],"cooling":[209],"slightly":[211],"bigger":[212],"than":[213],"those":[214],"dilution.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
