{"id":"https://openalex.org/W124264984","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/106002808802201021","title":"A Method for Meta-Analysis of Epidemiological Studies","display_name":"A Method for Meta-Analysis of Epidemiological Studies","publication_year":1988,"publication_date":"1988-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W124264984","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/106002808802201021","mag":"124264984","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3229352"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/106002808802201021","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/106002808802201021","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/106002808802201021","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S113426163","display_name":"Annals of Pharmacotherapy","issn_l":"0012-6578","issn":["0012-6578","1060-0280","1542-6270"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Drug Intelligence &amp; Clinical Pharmacy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017439960","display_name":"Thomas Ray Einarson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3865-2533","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3865-2533"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801317318","display_name":"Hospital for Sick Children","ror":"https://ror.org/057q4rt57","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801317318"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas R. Einarson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801317318"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005624600","display_name":"James Steven Leeder","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6688-0504","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6688-0504"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Steven Leeder","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026206882","display_name":"Gideon Koren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9234-0875","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9234-0875"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gideon Koren","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4400},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":117,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":1.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"10","first_page":"813","last_page":"824"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10206","display_name":"Meta-analysis and systematic reviews","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10206","display_name":"Meta-analysis and systematic reviews","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14374","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Epidemiology","score":0.0026000000070780516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11649","display_name":"Pharmaceutical industry and healthcare","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2910","display_name":"Issues, ethics and legal aspects"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meta-analysis-methods","display_name":"meta-analysis methodology","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bendectin","display_name":"Bendectin","score":0.6230000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teratogenicity","display_name":"teratogenicity","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thalidomide","display_name":"thalidomide","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cohort-studies","display_name":"cohort studies","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/case-control-study","display_name":"case-control study","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/odds-ratio","display_name":"odds ratio","score":0.7300000190734863}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.8275578022003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.811519980430603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.7321853041648865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.6427682638168335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.6078211665153503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5935045480728149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.45029422640800476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.43277353048324585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.29378741979599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.188623309135437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.13509225845336914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.12042981386184692}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000932","descriptor_name":"Antiemetics","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004025","descriptor_name":"Dicyclomine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004319","descriptor_name":"Doxylamine","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004338","descriptor_name":"Drug Combinations","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004812","descriptor_name":"Epidemiologic Methods","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011736","descriptor_name":"Pyridoxine","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012107","descriptor_name":"Research Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013223","descriptor_name":"Statistics as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013723","descriptor_name":"Teratogens","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015201","descriptor_name":"Meta-Analysis as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/106002808802201021","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/106002808802201021","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/106002808802201021","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S113426163","display_name":"Annals of Pharmacotherapy","issn_l":"0012-6578","issn":["0012-6578","1060-0280","1542-6270"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Drug Intelligence &amp; Clinical Pharmacy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:3229352","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3229352","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Drug intelligence & clinical pharmacy","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9476000070571899}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W114494166","https://openalex.org/W169502853","https://openalex.org/W1496824121","https://openalex.org/W1546098095","https://openalex.org/W1554903428","https://openalex.org/W1838960985","https://openalex.org/W1910163443","https://openalex.org/W1950591919","https://openalex.org/W1964387971","https://openalex.org/W1965307386","https://openalex.org/W1971932714","https://openalex.org/W1972427998","https://openalex.org/W1972901922","https://openalex.org/W1974546287","https://openalex.org/W1980524281","https://openalex.org/W1982070737","https://openalex.org/W1982301032","https://openalex.org/W1989492805","https://openalex.org/W2006546769","https://openalex.org/W2010263726","https://openalex.org/W2012901620","https://openalex.org/W2023232505","https://openalex.org/W2040365589","https://openalex.org/W2043406379","https://openalex.org/W2046323669","https://openalex.org/W2053154970","https://openalex.org/W2057212716","https://openalex.org/W2062352844","https://openalex.org/W2065122769","https://openalex.org/W2067151668","https://openalex.org/W2067550511","https://openalex.org/W2094419105","https://openalex.org/W2102704463","https://openalex.org/W2116446898","https://openalex.org/W2272466511","https://openalex.org/W2400187501","https://openalex.org/W2405117596","https://openalex.org/W2413170141","https://openalex.org/W2472285807","https://openalex.org/W2916342434","https://openalex.org/W3085323863","https://openalex.org/W4242709069","https://openalex.org/W4300450725","https://openalex.org/W4301029050","https://openalex.org/W4301765465","https://openalex.org/W4302489538"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4234819489","https://openalex.org/W1915476046","https://openalex.org/W2443639636","https://openalex.org/W1979423827","https://openalex.org/W2070835496","https://openalex.org/W38425583","https://openalex.org/W2186736881","https://openalex.org/W4240238244","https://openalex.org/W1983232973","https://openalex.org/W2167042818"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,17,64],"article":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,8,41,53,61,84,137,163,180],"stepwise":[4],"approach":[5],"for":[6,22,157],"conducting":[7],"meta-analysis":[9,105],"of":[10,37,40,57,96,142,168,185],"epidemiological":[11,25],"studies":[12,26,146,159],"based":[13],"on":[14],"proposed":[15],"guidelines.":[16],"systematic":[18],"method":[19],"is":[20,44,114],"recommended":[21],"practitioners":[23],"evaluating":[24],"in":[27,77,81,99,120],"the":[28,38,55,58,89,145,153,173,196],"literature":[29,110],"to":[30,93,117,150],"arrive":[31],"at":[32,195],"an":[33,47],"overall":[34,123],"quantitative":[35],"estimate":[36],"impact":[39],"treatment.":[42],"Bendectin":[43,113],"used":[45],"as":[46],"illustrative":[48,104],"example.":[49],"Meta-analysts":[50],"should":[51,66,74],"establish":[52],"priori":[54],"purpose":[56],"analysis":[59],"and":[60,70],"complete":[62],"protocol.":[63],"protocol":[65],"be":[67,75],"adhered":[68],"to,":[69],"all":[71],"steps":[72,98],"performed":[73],"recorded":[76],"detail.":[78],"To":[79],"aid":[80],"developing":[82],"such":[83],"protocol,":[85],"we":[86],"present":[87],"methods":[88],"researcher":[90],"can":[91],"use":[92],"perform":[94],"each":[95],"22":[97],"six":[100],"major":[101],"areas.":[102],"The":[103,122,187],"confirmed":[106],"previous":[107],"traditional":[108],"narrative":[109],"reviews":[111],"that":[112],"not":[115,192],"related":[116],"teratogenic":[118],"outcomes":[119],"humans.":[121],"summary":[124,154,174],"odds":[125,155,175],"ratio":[126,156,176],"was":[127,160,177],"1.01":[128],"(chi":[129],"2":[130],"=":[131,134,198],"0.05,":[132],"p":[133,197],"0.815)":[135],"with":[136,162,179],"95":[138,164,181],"percent":[139,165,182],"confidence":[140,166,183],"interval":[141,167,184],"0.66-1.55.":[143],"When":[144],"were":[147,191],"separated":[148],"according":[149],"study":[151],"type,":[152],"cohort":[158],"0.95":[161],"0.62-1.45.":[169],"For":[170],"case-control":[171],"studies,":[172],"1.27":[178],"0.83-1.94.":[186],"corresponding":[188],"chi-square":[189],"values":[190],"statistically":[193],"significant":[194],"0.05":[199],"level.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
