{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1239782893","doi":null,"title":"Mode of entry of a neurotropic arbovirus into the central nervous system. Reinvestigation of an old controversy.","display_name":"Mode of entry of a neurotropic arbovirus into the central nervous system. Reinvestigation of an old controversy.","publication_year":1983,"publication_date":"1983-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1239782893","mag":"1239782893","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6300550"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:6300550","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6300550","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055066987","display_name":"Thomas P. C. Monath","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7509-4599","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7509-4599"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T P Monath","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066509451","display_name":"C. B. Cropp","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C B Cropp","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"A K Harrison","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A K Harrison","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.8513,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":202,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9704504,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"48","issue":"4","first_page":"399","last_page":"410"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10166","display_name":"Mosquito-borne diseases and control","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10166","display_name":"Mosquito-borne diseases and control","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13201","display_name":"Infectious Encephalopathies and Encephalitis","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12047","display_name":"Viral Infections and Vectors","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/st-louis-encephalitis-virus","display_name":"St. Louis encephalitis virus","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroinvasion","display_name":"neuroinvasion","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/olfactory-pathway","display_name":"olfactory pathway","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/olfactory-epithelium","display_name":"olfactory epithelium","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viremia","display_name":"viremia","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/olfactory-receptor-neurons","display_name":"olfactory sensory neurons","score":0.5040000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/syrian-hamster-model","display_name":"Syrian hamster model","score":0.5989999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/olfactory-bulb","display_name":"olfactory bulb","score":0.40400001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bowman-s-glands","display_name":"Bowman's glands","score":0.5830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intraperitoneal-inoculation","display_name":"intraperitoneal inoculation","score":0.6069999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viral-pathogenesis","display_name":"viral pathogenesis","score":0.32199999690055847}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776185481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1425304","display_name":"Viremia","level":3,"score":0.8211387395858765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.6550923585891724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780496858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q644945","display_name":"Olfactory bulb","level":3,"score":0.5265555381774902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522874641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808","display_name":"Virus","level":2,"score":0.5167800188064575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529278444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47273","display_name":"Central nervous system","level":2,"score":0.47339189052581787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32611913","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2166189","display_name":"Titer","level":3,"score":0.47253990173339844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.47037070989608765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.4696832001209259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201792869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1054094","display_name":"Olfactory system","level":2,"score":0.4380791485309601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106358424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662346","display_name":"Infectivity","level":3,"score":0.4251115322113037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.36366477608680725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1578294038772583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.15574568510055542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.15406933426856995}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001369","descriptor_name":"Axons","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003712","descriptor_name":"Dendrites","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004665","descriptor_name":"Encephalitis Virus, St. Louis","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004674","descriptor_name":"Encephalitis, St. Louis","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005088","descriptor_name":"Exocrine Glands","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005416","descriptor_name":"Flavivirus","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006224","descriptor_name":"Cricetinae","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008647","descriptor_name":"Mesocricetus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009830","descriptor_name":"Olfactory Bulb","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009831","descriptor_name":"Olfactory Mucosa","qualifier_ui":"Q000294","qualifier_name":"innervation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009831","descriptor_name":"Olfactory Mucosa","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009832","descriptor_name":"Olfactory Nerve","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014766","descriptor_name":"Viremia","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051379","descriptor_name":"Mice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:6300550","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6300550","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:1239782893","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6300550","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9391000270843506,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2062862649","https://openalex.org/W4211150723","https://openalex.org/W7204269414","https://openalex.org/W4296827854","https://openalex.org/W2198727487","https://openalex.org/W2034317719","https://openalex.org/W2407738865","https://openalex.org/W4411929643","https://openalex.org/W2413383156","https://openalex.org/W2318360670"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,94],"mechanism":[1],"by":[2,111],"which":[3],"neurotropic":[4],"arboviruses":[5],"gain":[6],"access":[7],"to":[8,35,65,139,240,340],"the":[9,36,59,81,118,121,124,135,169,178,187,190,200,204,214,218,251,302,306,313,331,341,349,352,362],"central":[10,314,353],"nervous":[11,315,354],"system":[12],"remains":[13],"uncertain,":[14],"although":[15],"it":[16],"is":[17,305,346],"generally":[18],"assumed":[19],"that":[20,301],"viremic":[21],"infection":[22,325],"results":[23,323],"in":[24,63,115,166,168,177,186,199,210,217,244,250,282,324,330,361,369],"growth":[25],"across":[26],"or":[27,85,156],"passive":[28],"diffusion":[29],"through":[30],"brain":[31,157,191],"capillaries.":[32],"In":[33,120,254],"contrast":[34],"natural":[37],"reservoir":[38],"hosts":[39,44],"of":[40,50,61,100,117,150,153,189,203,213,236,256,261,309,326,338,351,357,367,381],"these":[41],"arboviruses,":[42],"clinical":[43,90],"(e.g.,":[45],"horses,":[46],"humans)":[47],"have":[48],"viremias":[49],"very":[51],"brief":[52],"duration":[53,137],"and":[54,88,91,134,148,184,209,225,234,239,246,365],"low":[55,84],"magnitude.":[56],"We":[57],"investigated":[58],"question":[60],"neuroinvasion":[62],"5-":[64],"6-week-old":[66],"Syrian":[67],"hamsters":[68],"infected":[69],"with":[70,80,287],"St.":[71,290],"Louis":[72,291],"encephalitis":[73,292],"virus":[74,158,223,339,368],"(strain":[75],"TBH-28).":[76],"This":[77],"model":[78],"shares":[79],"human":[82],"disease":[83],"undetectable":[86],"viremia":[87,108,127,147,322],"many":[89,382],"pathoanatomical":[92],"features.":[93],"mortality":[95],"rate":[96],"after":[97],"intraperitoneal":[98],"inoculation":[99,319],"a":[101,112,164,241,320,379],"moderate":[102],"viral":[103,293,310],"dose":[104],"was":[105,109,128,143,197,269],"88%.":[106],"No":[107],"detectable":[110],"sensitive":[113],"assay":[114],"31%":[116],"animals.":[119],"remaining":[122],"hamsters,":[123],"mean":[125,136],"peak":[126],"1.0":[129],"log10":[130],"plaque-forming":[131],"units/0.05":[132],"ml":[133],"1":[138],"2":[140],"days.":[141],"There":[142],"no":[144],"correlation":[145],"between":[146],"outcome":[149],"infection,":[151],"length":[152],"incubation":[154],"period,":[155],"titer.":[159],"Tissue":[160],"infectivity":[161],"studies":[162],"showed":[163],"rise":[165],"titer":[167],"olfactory":[170,179,205,215,237,303,332,342,363],"neuroepithelium":[171],"on":[172,274],"day":[173,275],"4":[174,276],"postinoculation,":[175],"then":[176],"bulbs":[180],"(day":[181,192],"5":[182],"postinoculation),":[183],"finally":[185],"remainder":[188],"6":[193],"postinoculation).":[194],"Specific":[195],"immunofluorescence":[196],"demonstrated":[198,230],"bipolar":[201],"neurons":[202],"epithelium,":[206],"their":[207],"dendrites,":[208,232],"axon":[211],"bundles":[212],"nerves":[216],"submucosa.":[219],"By":[220],"electron":[221],"microscopy,":[222],"particles":[224],"associated":[226],"tubular":[227],"structures":[228],"were":[229,263,280],"within":[231,265],"perikarya,":[233],"axons":[235],"neurons,":[238],"lesser":[242],"extent":[243],"macrophages":[245],"Bowman's":[247,257,358],"gland":[248,359],"cells":[249,255,329,360],"lamina":[252],"propria.":[253],"glands":[258],"large":[259],"numbers":[260],"virions":[262],"sequestered":[264],"secretory":[266],"granules.":[267],"Virus":[268],"recovered":[270],"from":[271],"nasal":[272,370],"washings":[273],"postinoculation.":[277],"Similar":[278],"findings":[279],"obtained":[281],"weanling":[283],"mice":[284],"inoculated":[285],"intraperitoneally":[286],"another":[288],"(mouse-virulent)":[289],"strain":[294],"(77V-12908).":[295],"These":[296],"data":[297],"taken":[298],"together":[299],"indicate":[300],"pathway":[304],"principal":[307],"route":[308],"entry":[311],"into":[312],"system.":[316,355],"After":[317],"peripheral":[318],"low-level":[321],"highly":[327],"susceptible":[328],"neuroepithelium,":[333],"allowing":[334],"centripetal":[335],"axonal":[336],"transport":[337],"bulb,":[343],"whence":[344],"spread":[345],"unimpeded":[347],"throughout":[348],"neuropil":[350],"Infection":[356],"mucosa":[364],"shedding":[366],"mucus":[371],"may":[372],"be":[373],"an":[374],"adaptation":[375],"for":[376],"nonarthropod-borne":[377],"transmission,":[378],"feature":[380],"flaviviruses.":[383]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
