{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1237363190","doi":null,"title":"Clonal architecture of normal and atherosclerotic aorta: implications for atherogenesis and vascular development.","display_name":"Clonal architecture of normal and atherosclerotic aorta: implications for atherogenesis and vascular development.","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1237363190","mag":"1237363190","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9546352","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1858235"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:1544325","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1858235","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1858235","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"I M Chung","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I M Chung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195-7335, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195-7335, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033491530","display_name":"Stephen Mark Schwartz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7499-8502","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7499-8502","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0465-4787"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S M Schwartz","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077140689","display_name":"Charles E. Murry","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3862-6773","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3862-6773"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C E Murry","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2827,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":107,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9271137,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"152","issue":"4","first_page":"913","last_page":"23"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12955","display_name":"Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12955","display_name":"Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10816","display_name":"Cerebrovascular and Carotid Artery Diseases","score":0.0017000000225380063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11618","display_name":"Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1303","display_name":"Biochemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atherosclerosis","display_name":"atherosclerosis","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aortic-smooth-muscle-cells","display_name":"aortic smooth muscle cells","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clonal-expansion","display_name":"clonal expansion","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/x-chromosome-inactivation","display_name":"X chromosome inactivation","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atherogenesis","display_name":"atherogenesis","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vascular-development","display_name":"vascular development","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intimal-thickening","display_name":"intimal thickening","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aortic-media","display_name":"aortic media","score":0.48500001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/somatic-mutations","display_name":"somatic mutations","score":0.5559999942779541}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.7221494317054749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163864487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6901461","display_name":"Monoclonal","level":4,"score":0.5740958452224731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5594896078109741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.5072026252746582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779980429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101004","display_name":"Aorta","level":2,"score":0.4430689811706543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134305767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725508","display_name":"Somatic cell","level":3,"score":0.4400286078453064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153911025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7202","display_name":"Molecular biology","level":1,"score":0.34198200702667236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542903549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422248","display_name":"Monoclonal antibody","level":3,"score":0.3369913101196289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.32767754793167114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.3074488043785095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.14061269164085388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159654299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460","display_name":"Antibody","level":2,"score":0.13089361786842346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.09696432948112488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000367","descriptor_name":"Age Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001011","descriptor_name":"Aorta","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001161","descriptor_name":"Arteriosclerosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001161","descriptor_name":"Arteriosclerosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002452","descriptor_name":"Cell Count","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002999","descriptor_name":"Clone Cells","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004303","descriptor_name":"Dosage Compensation, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007150","descriptor_name":"Immunohistochemistry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009131","descriptor_name":"Muscle, Smooth, Vascular","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017539","descriptor_name":"Tunica Intima","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017540","descriptor_name":"Tunica Media","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:1544325","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1858235","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1858235","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1858235","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Am J Pathol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:9546352","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9546352","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American journal of pathology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:1237363190","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9546352","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:1544325","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1858235","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6240000128746033,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8022226802","display_name":"CELL PROLIFERATION AND CLONALITY IN ATHEROSCLEROSIS","funder_award_id":"K08HL003094","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","funder_display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8444437558","display_name":"SCOR IN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS","funder_award_id":"P50HL047151","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","funder_display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/012pb6c26"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W113984154","https://openalex.org/W129640111","https://openalex.org/W1490067402","https://openalex.org/W1547916425","https://openalex.org/W1817423755","https://openalex.org/W1884160185","https://openalex.org/W1901409510","https://openalex.org/W1967932707","https://openalex.org/W1967984236","https://openalex.org/W1970726996","https://openalex.org/W1977777509","https://openalex.org/W2029146706","https://openalex.org/W2044063704","https://openalex.org/W2046894795","https://openalex.org/W2051348212","https://openalex.org/W2053348472","https://openalex.org/W2058773932","https://openalex.org/W2059768558","https://openalex.org/W2076173229","https://openalex.org/W2078238387","https://openalex.org/W2087227185","https://openalex.org/W2087657470","https://openalex.org/W2099955234","https://openalex.org/W2111257888","https://openalex.org/W2120946197","https://openalex.org/W2126292625","https://openalex.org/W2128963479","https://openalex.org/W2157050965","https://openalex.org/W2169321777","https://openalex.org/W2296950434","https://openalex.org/W2340761814","https://openalex.org/W2415105154"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1547916425","https://openalex.org/W2019961938","https://openalex.org/W4380763273","https://openalex.org/W4389092954","https://openalex.org/W2905756762","https://openalex.org/W2058773932","https://openalex.org/W2762257317","https://openalex.org/W2046894795","https://openalex.org/W4387950717","https://openalex.org/W80142313"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"X":[0,66,98,122],"chromosome":[1,67],"inactivation":[2,68],"studies":[3],"indicate":[4],"that":[5,46,153,204,246],"smooth":[6,77,199,211],"muscle":[7,200,212],"cells":[8,39,175],"in":[9,25,72,183],"human":[10,81,205],"atherosclerosis":[11],"are":[12],"monoclonal.":[13],"Monoclonality":[14],"could":[15],"arise":[16,223,248],"either":[17],"by":[18,30,208,224],"1)":[19],"proliferation":[20,36],"of":[21,37,63,75,91,106,112,132,138,144,176,197,217,234,239],"a":[22,41,86,101,125,191,194,250],"single":[23],"cell":[24],"the":[26,80,149,168,237,244],"adult":[27],"intima,":[28],"eg,":[29],"selection":[31],"or":[32,34,60],"mutation,":[33],"2)":[35],"many":[38],"within":[40],"large,":[42],"pre-existing":[43,251],"clonal":[44,53,225],"patch":[45,128,154,179],"formed":[47],"during":[48],"development.":[49],"To":[50],"determine":[51],"whether":[52,221],"expansion":[54,226],"occurs":[55],"concomitantly":[56],"with":[57,214],"plaque":[58,92,198],"growth":[59],"as":[61,85,232],"part":[62],"normal":[64,107,184],"development,":[65],"patterns":[69],"were":[70,94,118,165],"mapped":[71],"microdissected":[73],"samples":[74,93,109,116,140],"aortic":[76],"muscle,":[78],"using":[79],"androgen":[82],"receptor":[83],"locus":[84],"marker.":[87],"As":[88],"expected,":[89],"43%":[90],"skewed":[95,119,147,166],"toward":[96,120],"one":[97,121],"chromosome,":[99,123],"indicating":[100,124],"monoclonal":[102,192],"population.":[103],"Surprisingly,":[104],"25%":[105],"medial":[108,139],"and":[110,136,161,193],"31%":[111],"diffuse":[113,133],"intimal":[114,134],"thickening":[115,135],"also":[117],"relatively":[126],"large":[127,182,240],"size.":[129],"Furthermore,":[130],"30%":[131],"22%":[137],"showed":[141],"contiguous":[142],"regions":[143],"4":[145,158],"mm":[146],"to":[148,167],"same":[150,169],"allele,":[151],"showing":[152],"length":[155],"often":[156],"exceeded":[157],"mm.":[159],"Intima":[160],"overlying":[162],"media":[163],"typically":[164],"allele":[170],"(73%":[171],"concordance),":[172],"suggesting":[173],"common":[174],"origin.":[177],"Because":[178],"size":[180],"is":[181],"arteries,":[185],"X-inactivation":[186,241],"analysis":[187,233],"cannot":[188],"discriminate":[189],"between":[190],"polyclonal":[195],"origin":[196],"cells.":[201],"We":[202],"propose":[203],"arteries":[206],"grow":[207],"expanding":[209],"coherent":[210],"clones,":[213],"little":[215],"mixing":[216],"adjacent":[218],"clones.":[219],"Determining":[220],"plaques":[222,247],"will":[227],"require":[228],"other":[229],"approaches,":[230],"such":[231],"somatic":[235],"mutations;":[236],"finding":[238],"patches":[242],"raises":[243],"possibility":[245],"from":[249],"(developmental)":[252],"clone.":[253]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}