{"id":"https://openalex.org/W123632041","doi":null,"title":"Angiotensin-converting-enzyme gene polymorphisms, smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.","display_name":"Angiotensin-converting-enzyme gene polymorphisms, smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W123632041","mag":"123632041","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18229571","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2695206"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2695206","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2695206","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis","raw_type":"Text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2695206","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046760281","display_name":"Xavier Busquets","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1157-5590","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1157-5590"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xavier Busquets","raw_affiliation_strings":["IUNICS-Unitat d'Investigaci\u00f3, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IUNICS-Unitat d'Investigaci\u00f3, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111840356","display_name":"Niall G. MacFarlane","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Niall G MacFarlane","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048777736","display_name":"Dami\u00e1n Heine\u2010Su\u00f1er","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9374-1219","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9374-1219"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dami\u00e0 Heine-Su\u00f1er","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074219995","display_name":"Montse Morl\u00e1","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6591-6034","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6591-6034"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Montse Morl\u00e1","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071870363","display_name":"Laura Torres\u2010Juan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8739-6081","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8739-6081"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laura Torres-Juan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111903069","display_name":"Amanda Iglesias","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2600-351X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2600-351X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amanda Iglesias","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048136231","display_name":"Jer\u00f2nia Llad\u00f3","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8489-427X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8489-427X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeronia Llad\u00f3","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105469835","display_name":"Jaume Sauleda","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaume Sauleda","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054165025","display_name":"Alvar G.N. Agust\u00ed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3271-3788","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3271-3788"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alvar G N Agust\u00ed","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8887,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85476213,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"3","first_page":"329","last_page":"34"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10143","display_name":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10143","display_name":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10261","display_name":"Genetic Associations and Epidemiology","score":0.0020000000949949026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10060","display_name":"Smoking Behavior and Cessation","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ace-gene","display_name":"ACE gene","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ace-insertion-deletion-polymorphism","display_name":"ACE I/D polymorphism","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease","display_name":"chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoking","display_name":"smoking","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-susceptibility","display_name":"genetic susceptibility","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lung-function","display_name":"lung function","score":0.6209999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardy-weinberg-equilibrium","display_name":"Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/male-smokers","display_name":"male smokers","score":0.4129999876022339}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776780178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199804","display_name":"COPD","level":2,"score":0.9267163276672363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8786946535110474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.6264669895172119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27016395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128861","display_name":"Angiotensin-converting enzyme","level":3,"score":0.6039215326309204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5651595592498779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135763542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106016","display_name":"Genotype","level":3,"score":0.5467133522033691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50440223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475848","display_name":"Risk factor","level":2,"score":0.4601939022541046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75603125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1877462","display_name":"Pulmonary function testing","level":2,"score":0.44074732065200806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777104659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3508797","display_name":"Obstructive lung disease","level":3,"score":0.4223233759403229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.13301092386245728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.09192347526550293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.08424636721611023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84393581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82642","display_name":"Blood pressure","level":2,"score":0.06940242648124695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.056514471769332886}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000806","descriptor_name":"Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004298","descriptor_name":"Dopamine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004646","descriptor_name":"Emphysema","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005838","descriptor_name":"Genotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011110","descriptor_name":"Polymorphism, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012907","descriptor_name":"Smoking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013030","descriptor_name":"Spain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019966","descriptor_name":"Substance-Related Disorders","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D029424","descriptor_name":"Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2695206","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2695206","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:18229571","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18229571","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:123632041","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18229571","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2695206","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2695206","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.98580002784729}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1518760783","https://openalex.org/W1557320868","https://openalex.org/W1568547719","https://openalex.org/W1966567589","https://openalex.org/W1967323580","https://openalex.org/W1970609476","https://openalex.org/W1976494877","https://openalex.org/W1981681632","https://openalex.org/W1985129184","https://openalex.org/W1997579271","https://openalex.org/W2000347127","https://openalex.org/W2000363595","https://openalex.org/W2004760565","https://openalex.org/W2011704466","https://openalex.org/W2013709047","https://openalex.org/W2016670834","https://openalex.org/W2034393778","https://openalex.org/W2051054384","https://openalex.org/W2060058332","https://openalex.org/W2080420512","https://openalex.org/W2087321693","https://openalex.org/W2087936798","https://openalex.org/W2097532633","https://openalex.org/W2103687576","https://openalex.org/W2108361166","https://openalex.org/W2108579638","https://openalex.org/W2118543302","https://openalex.org/W2124019764","https://openalex.org/W2129254803","https://openalex.org/W2135933926","https://openalex.org/W2138599214","https://openalex.org/W2156796053","https://openalex.org/W2163013953","https://openalex.org/W2166432084","https://openalex.org/W2312304603","https://openalex.org/W2340466792","https://openalex.org/W2613483874"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2369758473","https://openalex.org/W2334046650","https://openalex.org/W3000938391","https://openalex.org/W1544074262","https://openalex.org/W1969856273","https://openalex.org/W2538924996","https://openalex.org/W2110063234","https://openalex.org/W2397261178","https://openalex.org/W2104284248","https://openalex.org/W2334924081"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"While":[0],"tobacco":[1],"smoking":[2,154,180],"is":[3],"the":[4,23,27,30,36,43,52,55,69,84,108,114,123,138,149,153,162,166,179],"main":[5],"risk":[6,44,139,187],"factor":[7],"for":[8,140],"chronic":[9],"obstructive":[10],"pulmonary":[11],"disease":[12],"(COPD)":[13],"only":[14],"a":[15,134],"fraction":[16],"of":[17,45,54,68,113,182,188],"smokers":[18,49,70,124],"go":[19],"on":[20],"to":[21,146],"develop":[22],"disease.":[24],"We":[25],"investigated":[26],"relationship":[28],"between":[29],"insertion":[31],"(I)--deletion":[32],"(D)":[33],"polymorphisms":[34,174],"in":[35,48,62,122,137,152],"Angiotensin":[37],"converting":[38],"enzyme":[39],"(ACE)":[40],"gene":[41],"and":[42,60,128,185],"developing":[46,189],"COPD":[47,73,127,141],"by":[50],"determining":[51],"distribution":[53],"ACE":[56,173],"genotypes":[57],"(DD,":[58],"ID":[59],"II)":[61],"151":[63,150],"life-long":[64],"male":[65],"smokers.":[66],"74":[67],"had":[71],"developed":[72,126],"(62":[74],"+/-":[75,80,91,96],"2":[76,92],"years;":[77],"FEV1":[78,94],"44":[79],"6%":[81],"reference)":[82],"whereas":[83],"rest":[85],"retained":[86],"normal":[87],"lung":[88],"function":[89],"(56":[90],"yrs;":[93],"95":[95],"3%":[97],"reference).":[98],"In":[99],"addition,":[100],"we":[101],"genotyped":[102],"159":[103,163],"males":[104],"recruited":[105,164],"randomly":[106],"from":[107,165],"general":[109,167],"population.":[110,168],"The":[111],"prevalence":[112],"DD":[115],"genotype":[116],"was":[117,131],"highest":[118],"(p":[119],"=":[120],"0.01)":[121],"that":[125,172],"its":[129],"presence":[130],"associated":[132,176],"with":[133,177],"2-fold":[135],"increase":[136],"(OR":[142],"2.2;":[143],"IC95%":[144],"1.1":[145],"5.5).":[147],"Surprisingly,":[148],"individuals":[151],"population":[155],"did":[156],"not":[157],"demonstrate":[158],"Hardy-Weinberg":[159],"equilibrium":[160],"unlike":[161],"Our":[169],"results":[170],"suggest":[171],"are":[175],"both":[178],"history":[181],"an":[183],"individual":[184],"their":[186],"COPD.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}