{"id":"https://openalex.org/W122903791","doi":null,"title":"Dilemmas of Transitional Justice: The Case of South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission","display_name":"Dilemmas of Transitional Justice: The Case of South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-03-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W122903791","mag":"122903791"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:122903791","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-62686121/dilemmas-of-transitional-justice-the-case-of-south","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S14378380","display_name":"Journal of international affairs","issn_l":"0022-197X","issn":["0022-197X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316010","host_organization_name":"Columbia University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316010"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Columbia University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of international affairs","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006255487","display_name":"Paul van Zyl","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Paul van Zyl","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006255487"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.15,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":104,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92670414,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"52","issue":"2","first_page":"647","last_page":"667"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14492","display_name":"War, Law, and Justice","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14492","display_name":"War, Law, and Justice","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12775","display_name":"Legal Issues in South Africa","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10749","display_name":"International Law and Human Rights","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/truth-and-reconciliation-commission","display_name":"Truth and Reconciliation Commission","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transitional-justice","display_name":"transitional justice","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/south-africa","display_name":"South Africa","score":0.6439999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-rights-violations","display_name":"human rights violations","score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amnesty","display_name":"amnesty","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impunity","display_name":"impunity","score":0.6140000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prosecution","display_name":"prosecution","score":0.5550000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-justice","display_name":"international justice","score":0.5770000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/post-apartheid-transition","display_name":"post-apartheid transition","score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/f-w-de-klerk","display_name":"F. W. de Klerk","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nelson-mandela","display_name":"Nelson Mandela","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-national-congress","display_name":"African National Congress","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/victims-rights","display_name":"victims' rights","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transitional-justice-institutions","display_name":"transitional justice institutions","score":0.3659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuremberg-trials","display_name":"Nuremberg trials","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/south-african-truth-and-reconciliation-commission","display_name":"South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission","score":0.5040000081062317}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778976748","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185943","display_name":"Amnesty","level":3,"score":0.8331398367881775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780224667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2745341","display_name":"Impunity","level":3,"score":0.78411865234375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169437150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8458","display_name":"Human rights","level":2,"score":0.7547944784164429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.6623836755752563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.6268117427825928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775884135","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845436","display_name":"Mandate","level":2,"score":0.6149625182151794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776034101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1509347","display_name":"Commission","level":2,"score":0.6124857664108276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139621336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3190382","display_name":"Economic Justice","level":2,"score":0.4916017949581146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777063073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1553237","display_name":"Settlement (finance)","level":3,"score":0.441588819026947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779621654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845562","display_name":"Transitional justice","level":3,"score":0.4219313859939575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145097563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148747","display_name":"Payment","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:122903791","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-62686121/dilemmas-of-transitional-justice-the-case-of-south","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S14378380","display_name":"Journal of international affairs","issn_l":"0022-197X","issn":["0022-197X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316010","host_organization_name":"Columbia University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316010"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Columbia University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of international affairs","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W219069369","https://openalex.org/W567181448","https://openalex.org/W1951833735","https://openalex.org/W632995919","https://openalex.org/W1517814362","https://openalex.org/W2261944021","https://openalex.org/W3208431360","https://openalex.org/W3040535802","https://openalex.org/W2289425014","https://openalex.org/W2004224756"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"After":[0],"almost":[1],"three":[2],"years":[3],"of":[4,60,72,82,89,149,207,238,253,267,293,298,306,318,360,365,393,399,410,421,450,453,480,510,538,578],"work,":[5],"South":[6,39,558,595,621],"Africa's":[7,40,622],"Truth":[8],"and":[9,38,142,168,190,211,234,240,251,256,270,308,346,352,362,415,441,520,635],"Reconciliation":[10],"Commission":[11],"(TRC)":[12],"delivered":[13],"its":[14,111,163,258],"final":[15,86,152],"report":[16,131,153],"to":[17,56,66,108,113,177,186,213,260,276,311,341,356,384,446,461,472,504,524,543,554,568,576],"President":[18,34],"Nelson":[19],"Mandela":[20],"on":[21,228,230,242,280,339],"29":[22],"October":[23],"1998.":[24],"The":[25,63,95,137,192,376,423,514,552,594],"delivery":[26],"occurred":[27,463,572],"amid":[28],"considerable":[29,491,588],"controversy":[30],"as":[31,197,367,508,541,547],"both":[32,140,188],"former":[33,141,496,585,627],"F.W.":[35],"de":[36,77],"Klerk":[37,78],"current":[41,143],"ruling":[42],"party,":[43],"the":[44,58,61,73,90,104,114,118,130,150,156,160,231,243,249,254,265,271,281,332,358,363,397,408,413,419,433,438,448,451,454,459,466,487,511,517,521,563,579,584,591,604,615,626],"African":[45,596],"National":[46],"Congress":[47],"(ANC),":[48],"launched":[49],"last-minute":[50],"legal":[51,87],"proceedings":[52],"in":[53,79,92,99,165,202,354,378,428,464,506,557,573,582,602,620],"an":[54,225,261,569],"attempt":[55,176],"block":[57],"publication":[59],"report.":[62],"TRC":[64,105,161,193,255,282],"agreed":[65],"temporarily":[67],"excise":[68],"a":[69,166,199,205,221,235,304,315,368,380,400,535,566,632],"small":[70],"section":[71],"report,":[74],"which":[75,100,379,583,618],"implicated":[76],"gross":[80,391,478,529],"violations":[81,297,392,479,532],"human":[83,122,181,208,299,322,394,481,530],"rights,":[84,395],"pending":[85],"settlement":[88],"matter":[91],"early":[93],"1999.":[94],"ANC's":[96],"court":[97],"application,":[98],"it":[101,219,548],"argued":[102],"that":[103,139,159,174,287,495,534],"had":[106,435,476],"failed":[107],"properly":[109],"consider":[110],"objections":[112],"TRC's":[115,151],"findings":[116],"regarding":[117],"party's":[119],"responsibility":[120],"for":[121,134,303,321,329],"rights":[123,182,209,300,323,359,482,531],"abuse,":[124],"was":[125,132,470,502],"rejected":[126],"only":[127,431],"hours":[128],"before":[129],"scheduled":[133],"public":[135],"release.":[136],"fact":[138],"rulers":[144],"were":[145,426],"distressed":[146],"by":[147,407,609],"aspects":[148],"is":[154,184,217,404],"perhaps":[155],"strongest":[157],"evidence":[158],"fulfilled":[162],"mandate":[164,252],"fair":[167],"impartial":[169],"manner.":[170],"It":[171],"also":[172],"demonstrates":[173],"any":[175],"deal":[178,385],"with":[179,204,331,386,545,550],"past":[180,333],"abuse":[183,210],"likely":[185],"be":[187,195,350],"complex":[189],"contested.":[191],"can":[194],"characterized":[196],"representing":[198],"third":[200],"way":[201],"dealing":[203,330],"legacy":[206],"attempting":[212],"institutionalize":[214],"justice.":[215],"This":[216,245],"because":[218,432,486],"steered":[220],"middle":[222],"path":[223],"between":[224,412,516],"uncompromising":[226],"insistence":[227],"prosecution":[229,449],"one":[232],"hand,":[233],"defeatist":[236],"acceptance":[237],"amnesty(1)":[239],"impunity":[241],"other.":[244],"article":[246,285],"will":[247],"examine":[248],"structure":[250],"assess":[257],"contribution":[259],"evolving":[262],"discussion":[263],"about":[264],"nature":[266],"international":[268],"justice":[269],"institutional":[272],"mechanisms":[273],"best":[274],"suited":[275],"achieving":[277],"it.":[278],"Drawing":[279],"experience,":[283],"this":[284,326,561],"argues":[286],"new":[288,416],"democracies":[289],"emerging":[290],"from":[291,565,607],"periods":[292],"massive":[294],"and/or":[295],"systematic":[296],"are":[301],"unable,":[302],"combination":[305],"practical":[307],"political":[309],"reasons,":[310],"prosecute":[312,473],"more":[313,344],"than":[314],"tiny":[316],"percentage":[317],"those":[319,387,474,525,577],"responsible":[320],"abuse.":[324],"For":[325],"reason,":[327],"strategies":[328,348],"must":[334],"not":[335,600],"become":[336],"narrowly":[337],"focused":[338],"attempts":[340],"prosecute.":[342],"Rather,":[343],"expansive":[345],"creative":[347],"should":[349],"considered":[351],"employed":[353],"order":[355],"address":[357],"victims":[361],"needs":[364],"society":[366],"whole.":[369],"DEALING":[370],"WITH":[371],"THE":[372],"PAST":[373],"Why":[374],"Amnesty?":[375],"manner":[377],"successor":[381],"government":[382,469,571,586,606,628],"chooses":[383],"who":[388,475,526],"have":[389,527],"committed":[390,477,528],"during":[396,483,590],"tenure":[398],"previous":[401],"repressive":[402],"regime":[403,440,592],"profoundly":[405],"influenced":[406],"balance":[409],"power":[411,445,546,589],"old":[414],"orders":[417],"at":[418],"time":[420],"transition.":[422],"Nuremberg":[424],"trials":[425],"possible":[427],"postwar":[429,518],"Germany":[430],"Allies":[434],"militarily":[436],"defeated":[437],"Nazi":[439],"therefore":[442],"possessed":[443],"sufficient":[444],"ensure":[447],"leaders":[452],"Third":[455],"Reich.(2)":[456],"Conversely,":[457],"when":[458],"transition":[460,564,581],"democracy":[462],"Chile,":[465],"newly":[467],"established":[468],"unable":[471],"military":[484,488,610,634],"rule(3)":[485],"still":[489],"commanded":[490],"authority--so":[492],"much":[493,542],"so":[494],"Chilean":[497,522,580],"dictator":[498],"General":[499],"Augusto":[500],"Pinochet":[501],"able":[503],"remain":[505],"office":[507,608],"head":[509],"armed":[512],"forces.":[513],"contrast":[515],"German":[519],"approaches":[523],"indicates":[533],"country's":[536],"choice":[537],"policy":[539],"has":[540],"do":[544],"does":[549],"principle.":[551],"approach":[553],"amnesty":[555],"adopted":[556],"Africa":[559],"confirms":[560],"fact:":[562],"nondemocratic":[567],"elected":[570],"circumstances":[574],"similar":[575],"maintained":[587],"change.":[593],"liberation":[597],"movements":[598],"did":[599],"succeed":[601],"removing":[603],"apartheid":[605],"means.":[611],"In":[612],"fact,":[613],"throughout":[614],"negotiation":[616],"process,":[617],"resulted":[619],"first":[623],"democratic":[624],"elections,":[625],"retained":[629],"control":[630],"over":[631],"formidable":[633],"police":[636],"force.":[637],"\u2026":[638]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
