{"id":"https://openalex.org/W122652008","doi":null,"title":"Immune depression in African trypanosomiasis: the role of antigenic competition.","display_name":"Immune depression in African trypanosomiasis: the role of antigenic competition.","publication_year":1982,"publication_date":"1982-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W122652008","mag":"122652008","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7075022","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1536523"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:7075022","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7075022","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical and experimental immunology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1536523/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063698292","display_name":"VINAND M. NANTULYA","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V M Nantulya","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112060167","display_name":"A.J. Musoke","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A J Musoke","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024889219","display_name":"Fred R. Rurangirwa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F R Rurangirwa","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034751455","display_name":"Anthony F. Barbet","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6891-0380","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6891-0380"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A F Barbet","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014756225","display_name":"Jane M. Ngaira","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J M Ngaira","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103577157","display_name":"J.M. Katende","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J M Katende","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7115,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84177122,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"47","issue":"2","first_page":"234","last_page":"42"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10890","display_name":"Trypanosoma species research and implications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10890","display_name":"Trypanosoma species research and implications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10296","display_name":"Vector-borne infectious diseases","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2405","display_name":"Parasitology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12322","display_name":"Animal health and immunology","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-african-trypanosomiasis","display_name":"sleeping sickness","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-depression","display_name":"immune depression","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cattle","display_name":"cattle","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trypanosoma-congolense","display_name":"Trypanosoma congolense","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trypanosoma-brucei","display_name":"Trypanosoma brucei","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concomitant-infection","display_name":"concomitant infection","score":0.46799999475479126}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.8523176312446594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778143080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2443552","display_name":"Trypanosomiasis","level":2,"score":0.7574036121368408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147483822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103537","display_name":"Antigen","level":2,"score":0.7348017692565918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779502636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33244","display_name":"Trypanosoma brucei","level":3,"score":0.7253325581550598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.7224690914154053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81089528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5134986","display_name":"clone (Java method)","level":3,"score":0.7218605875968933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779549974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q541987","display_name":"Trypanosoma","level":2,"score":0.6624489426612854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.6234937310218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191942190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4774739","display_name":"Antigenic variation","level":3,"score":0.6133437752723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.5829756855964661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776460866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170065","display_name":"Pathogen","level":2,"score":0.46136608719825745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159654299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460","display_name":"Antibody","level":2,"score":0.459215372800827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4420008659362793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0937948226928711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.08724561333656311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.05121168494224548}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000917","descriptor_name":"Antibody Formation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000918","descriptor_name":"Antibody Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000954","descriptor_name":"Antigens, Surface","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001667","descriptor_name":"Binding, Competitive","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002417","descriptor_name":"Cattle","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007108","descriptor_name":"Immune Tolerance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014346","descriptor_name":"Trypanosoma brucei brucei","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014353","descriptor_name":"Trypanosomiasis, African","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014354","descriptor_name":"Trypanosomiasis, Bovine","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:7075022","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7075022","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical and experimental immunology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1536523","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1536523/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clin Exp Immunol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cgspace.cgiar.org:10568/28417","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10568/28417","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402055","display_name":"CGSPace A Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1286583668","host_organization_name":"CGIAR","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286583668"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Clinical and Experimental Immunology;47: 234-242","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:122652008","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7075022","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1536523","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1536523/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clin Exp Immunol","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.6240000128746033,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W24366093","https://openalex.org/W151589428","https://openalex.org/W158818930","https://openalex.org/W1486052311","https://openalex.org/W1506665430","https://openalex.org/W1517916566","https://openalex.org/W1531974714","https://openalex.org/W1543561262","https://openalex.org/W1566113115","https://openalex.org/W1596954795","https://openalex.org/W1901963735","https://openalex.org/W1970978398","https://openalex.org/W1971925374","https://openalex.org/W1978732220","https://openalex.org/W1981600594","https://openalex.org/W1986181736","https://openalex.org/W2002140570","https://openalex.org/W2012290807","https://openalex.org/W2017450762","https://openalex.org/W2037684525","https://openalex.org/W2040475132","https://openalex.org/W2051077684","https://openalex.org/W2051138639","https://openalex.org/W2055562742","https://openalex.org/W2089755029","https://openalex.org/W2244800093","https://openalex.org/W2394524017","https://openalex.org/W2398032702","https://openalex.org/W2410235144","https://openalex.org/W2414499807","https://openalex.org/W4211138062","https://openalex.org/W4240510096","https://openalex.org/W4409139475"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2004378444","https://openalex.org/W2086661632","https://openalex.org/W2042867369","https://openalex.org/W2110242806","https://openalex.org/W1974502481","https://openalex.org/W2780040571","https://openalex.org/W2422723150","https://openalex.org/W2791998284","https://openalex.org/W2795138701","https://openalex.org/W2415655255"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,103],"capacity":[1],"of":[2,24,37,39,88,92,105,113],"trypanosome-infected":[3,114],"cattle":[4,63,115],"to":[5,10,47,56,116,119,134],"mount":[6],"an":[7],"immune":[8],"response":[9,46,55],"a":[11,120],"simultaneous":[12,121],"or":[13,100,122,128],"subsequent":[14,123],"challenge":[15,124],"with":[16,34,65,125],"other":[17,58,126,129],"trypanosomes":[18,38,93,127],"was":[19,50,59],"investigated":[20],"using":[21],"various":[22],"clones":[23,91],"Trypanosoma":[25],"congolense":[26],"and":[27,68],"T.":[28],"brucei.":[29],"In":[30,62],"animals":[31],"infected":[32,64],"simultaneously":[33],"equal":[35],"numbers":[36],"two":[40,81],"different":[41,101],"clones,":[42],"the":[43,54,57,76,80,90,98,111],"variant-specific":[44],"antibody":[45],"one":[48,66],"clone":[49,67],"severely":[51,72],"depressed":[52,73],"while":[53],"not":[60],"affected.":[61],"then":[69],"subsequently":[70],"challenged":[71],"depending":[74],"on":[75],"time":[77],"interval":[78],"between":[79],"inoculations.":[82],"These":[83],"observations":[84],"were":[85,95],"consistent":[86],"regardless":[87],"whether":[89],"used":[94],"derived":[96],"from":[97],"same":[99],"species.":[102],"characteristics":[104],"these":[106],"responses":[107],"would":[108],"suggest":[109],"that":[110],"inability":[112],"respond":[117],"well":[118],"antigens":[130],"may":[131],"be":[132],"due":[133],"antigenic":[135],"competition.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}