{"id":"https://openalex.org/W122607609","doi":null,"title":"Thymopentin reduces the susceptibility of aged mice to cutaneous leishmaniasis by modulating CD4 T-cell subsets.","display_name":"Thymopentin reduces the susceptibility of aged mice to cutaneous leishmaniasis by modulating CD4 T-cell subsets.","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W122607609","mag":"122607609","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1356094","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1421675"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:1356094","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1356094","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Immunology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1421675/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023223536","display_name":"Enr\u00ecco Cillari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4257-6887","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4257-6887"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I900890020","display_name":"University of Palermo","ror":"https://ror.org/044k9ta02","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I900890020"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E Cillari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of General Pathology, University of Palermo, Milano, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of General Pathology, University of Palermo, Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I900890020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041304849","display_name":"Salvatore Milano","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S Milano","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112022023","display_name":"M Dieli","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M Dieli","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055029242","display_name":"Francesco Arcoleo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7153-4208","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7153-4208"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F Arcoleo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111562574","display_name":"Renata Perego","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R Perego","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111129471","display_name":"F. Leoni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7182-4608","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7182-4608"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F Leoni","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056370816","display_name":"Gianni Gromo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G Gromo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020614941","display_name":"A Severn","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A Severn","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109196457","display_name":"F Y Liew","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F Y Liew","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.4863,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94747098,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"76","issue":"3","first_page":"362","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10823","display_name":"Research on Leishmaniasis Studies","score":0.9829000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10823","display_name":"Research on Leishmaniasis Studies","score":0.9829000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10031","display_name":"T-cell and B-cell Immunology","score":0.005799999926239252,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12107","display_name":"Leprosy Research and Treatment","score":0.0015999999595806003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thymopentin","display_name":"thymopentin","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cutaneous-leishmaniasis","display_name":"cutaneous leishmaniasis","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leishmania-major","display_name":"Leishmania major","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aging","display_name":"aging","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cd4-t-cells","display_name":"CD4+ T cells","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/th1-th2-balance","display_name":"Th1/Th2 balance","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interleukin-2","display_name":"interleukin-2","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferon-gamma","display_name":"interferon-gamma","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/il-4","display_name":"IL-4","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thymic-hormones","display_name":"thymic hormones","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunosenescence","display_name":"immunosenescence","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pentapeptide","display_name":"pentapeptide","score":0.5820000171661377}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777928547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7799637","display_name":"Thymopentin","level":2,"score":0.9868131279945374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.6493278741836548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779056147","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1660191","display_name":"Immunosenescence","level":3,"score":0.6275021433830261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780599195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1950715","display_name":"Leishmania major","level":4,"score":0.6072608828544617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780841837","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24741149","display_name":"Interferon gamma","level":3,"score":0.541594922542572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778702967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2590966","display_name":"Cutaneous leishmaniasis","level":3,"score":0.5338002443313599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4878425598144531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776090121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193529","display_name":"T cell","level":3,"score":0.4801477789878845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781092759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q524818","display_name":"Leishmania","level":3,"score":0.4764550030231476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191732599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14865947","display_name":"Interleukin 4","level":3,"score":0.45635250210762024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778954852","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7799635","display_name":"Thymocyte","level":4,"score":0.4509808123111725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776555147","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331283","display_name":"Leishmaniasis","level":2,"score":0.3659703731536865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3249059021472931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.27724170684814453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71928629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q804206","display_name":"Parasite hosting","level":2,"score":0.22780251502990723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000367","descriptor_name":"Age Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000375","descriptor_name":"Aging","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004198","descriptor_name":"Disease Susceptibility","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007371","descriptor_name":"Interferon-gamma","qualifier_ui":"Q000096","qualifier_name":"biosynthesis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007376","descriptor_name":"Interleukin-2","qualifier_ui":"Q000096","qualifier_name":"biosynthesis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008198","descriptor_name":"Lymph Nodes","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008807","descriptor_name":"Mice, Inbred BALB C","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013154","descriptor_name":"Spleen","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015496","descriptor_name":"CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015496","descriptor_name":"CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015847","descriptor_name":"Interleukin-4","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016305","descriptor_name":"Thymopentin","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016305","descriptor_name":"Thymopentin","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016773","descriptor_name":"Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016773","descriptor_name":"Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D051379","descriptor_name":"Mice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:1356094","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1356094","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Immunology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1421675","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1421675/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Immunology","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"mag:122607609","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1356094","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1421675","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1421675/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Immunology","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9763000011444092}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1512629201","https://openalex.org/W1548060537","https://openalex.org/W1552039120","https://openalex.org/W1586303953","https://openalex.org/W1634158134","https://openalex.org/W1873524018","https://openalex.org/W1934652287","https://openalex.org/W1942668068","https://openalex.org/W1963600585","https://openalex.org/W1966932913","https://openalex.org/W1971382923","https://openalex.org/W1976188303","https://openalex.org/W1980713927","https://openalex.org/W1990197546","https://openalex.org/W2032160478","https://openalex.org/W2032599239","https://openalex.org/W2040900427","https://openalex.org/W2041765961","https://openalex.org/W2042967546","https://openalex.org/W2054505653","https://openalex.org/W2063590173","https://openalex.org/W2069206672","https://openalex.org/W2074023577","https://openalex.org/W2081335687","https://openalex.org/W2110068838","https://openalex.org/W2127278205","https://openalex.org/W2172466148","https://openalex.org/W2419216071"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6962888974","https://openalex.org/W4318762051","https://openalex.org/W2102808804","https://openalex.org/W2092570254","https://openalex.org/W7220610439","https://openalex.org/W7038161704","https://openalex.org/W2089717927","https://openalex.org/W4281654246","https://openalex.org/W1605898561","https://openalex.org/W2085592001"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BALB/c":[0],"mice":[1,20,59],"are":[2],"highly":[3],"susceptible":[4],"to":[5,37,50,80],"Leishmania":[6,51],"major":[7,52],"infection.":[8],"The":[9,57],"susceptibility":[10,79],"increases":[11,47],"progressively":[12,22],"with":[13,43,85],"the":[14,17,48,77,86,91,106],"age":[15],"of":[16,25,34,63,71,88,93,110,114],"mice.":[18,39,56],"Aged":[19],"produce":[21,60],"lower":[23],"levels":[24,33,62],"interleukin-2":[26],"(IL-2)":[27],"and":[28,65,90,108],"interferon-gamma":[29],"(IFN-gamma)":[30],"but":[31,67],"higher":[32],"IL-4":[35],"compared":[36],"younger":[38],"Thymopentin,":[40],"a":[41],"pentapeptide":[42],"thymopoietin":[44],"activity,":[45],"dramatically":[46],"resistance":[49],"infection":[53],"in":[54,105],"aged":[55],"thymopentin-treated":[58],"enhanced":[61],"IL-2":[64],"IFN-gamma,":[66],"significantly":[68],"reduced":[69],"amounts":[70],"IL-4.":[72],"Thus,":[73],"it":[74],"appears":[75],"that":[76],"age-related":[78],"cutaneous":[81],"leishmaniasis":[82],"is":[83],"correlated":[84],"enhancement":[87],"Th2":[89],"reduction":[92],"Th1":[94],"cell":[95],"activities.":[96],"Furthermore,":[97],"thymic":[98],"hormone":[99],"may":[100],"play":[101],"an":[102],"important":[103],"role":[104],"induction":[107],"function":[109],"these":[111],"two":[112],"subsets":[113],"CD4":[115],"T":[116],"cells.":[117]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}