{"id":"https://openalex.org/W122236808","doi":null,"title":"Lower vitamin-D production from solar ultraviolet-B irradiance may explain some differences in cancer survival rates.","display_name":"Lower vitamin-D production from solar ultraviolet-B irradiance may explain some differences in cancer survival rates.","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W122236808","mag":"122236808","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16573299","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2576130"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:16573299","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16573299","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the National Medical Association","raw_type":"Comparative Study"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2576130/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075951170","display_name":"William Burgess Grant","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1439-3285","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1439-3285"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110119","display_name":"Sunlight Nutrition and Health Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/022zhjf34","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110119"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"William B Grant","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sunlight, Nutrition and Health Research Center, San Francisco, CA 94109-2529, USA. wgrant@sunarc.org"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sunlight, Nutrition and Health Research Center, San Francisco, CA 94109-2529, USA. wgrant@sunarc.org","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110119"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075951170"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110119"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.5226,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":90,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97094056,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"98","issue":"3","first_page":"357","last_page":"64"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10277","display_name":"Vitamin D Research Studies","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10277","display_name":"Vitamin D Research Studies","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10556","display_name":"Global Cancer Incidence and Screening","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11013","display_name":"Skin Protection and Aging","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2708","display_name":"Dermatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vitamin-d","display_name":"vitamin D","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/25-hydroxyvitamin-d","display_name":"25-hydroxyvitamin D","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skin-pigmentation","display_name":"skin pigmentation","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer-mortality","display_name":"cancer mortality","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-americans","display_name":"African Americans","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-cancer","display_name":"breast cancer","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colon-cancer","display_name":"colon cancer","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/esophageal-cancer","display_name":"esophageal cancer","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gastric-cancer","display_name":"gastric cancer","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rectal-cancer","display_name":"rectal cancer","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoking","display_name":"smoking","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alcohol-consumption","display_name":"alcohol consumption","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poverty","display_name":"poverty","score":0.6110000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-residence","display_name":"urban residence","score":0.628000020980835}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6636199951171875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.6140102744102478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.5956726670265198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124490489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7936963","display_name":"Vitamin D and neurology","level":2,"score":0.5235714316368103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4967975914478302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018555722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11391","display_name":"Ultraviolet b","level":2,"score":0.4229491353034973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179755657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58702","display_name":"Mortality rate","level":2,"score":0.4201548397541046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776940978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34956","display_name":"Vitamin","level":2,"score":0.415242463350296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.319222092628479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16005928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171171","display_name":"Dermatology","level":1,"score":0.06623587012290955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001741","descriptor_name":"Black or African American","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009369","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009369","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009369","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014466","descriptor_name":"Ultraviolet Rays","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014807","descriptor_name":"Vitamin D","qualifier_ui":"Q000031","qualifier_name":"analogs & derivatives","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014807","descriptor_name":"Vitamin D","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015996","descriptor_name":"Survival Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D044465","descriptor_name":"White People","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:16573299","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16573299","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the National Medical Association","raw_type":"Comparative Study"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2576130","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2576130/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Natl Med Assoc","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"mag:122236808","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16573299","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2576130","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2576130/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Natl Med Assoc","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":88,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W150969067","https://openalex.org/W204604656","https://openalex.org/W633735835","https://openalex.org/W1489849037","https://openalex.org/W1491116456","https://openalex.org/W1506534544","https://openalex.org/W1520478320","https://openalex.org/W1536386769","https://openalex.org/W1554873328","https://openalex.org/W1568390176","https://openalex.org/W1578298959","https://openalex.org/W1806674608","https://openalex.org/W1826626996","https://openalex.org/W1879631210","https://openalex.org/W1892629806","https://openalex.org/W1969512053","https://openalex.org/W1971823428","https://openalex.org/W1972537853","https://openalex.org/W1977357532","https://openalex.org/W1977876143","https://openalex.org/W1982887274","https://openalex.org/W1983737866","https://openalex.org/W1988773780","https://openalex.org/W1996994609","https://openalex.org/W2000126169","https://openalex.org/W2000610807","https://openalex.org/W2007769372","https://openalex.org/W2010397777","https://openalex.org/W2012574086","https://openalex.org/W2014072133","https://openalex.org/W2015650529","https://openalex.org/W2016725888","https://openalex.org/W2019856908","https://openalex.org/W2021268614","https://openalex.org/W2022505313","https://openalex.org/W2025383700","https://openalex.org/W2026645045","https://openalex.org/W2038475218","https://openalex.org/W2038913166","https://openalex.org/W2039019367","https://openalex.org/W2040634878","https://openalex.org/W2040703795","https://openalex.org/W2049368624","https://openalex.org/W2064229650","https://openalex.org/W2064837824","https://openalex.org/W2065133740","https://openalex.org/W2065195395","https://openalex.org/W2072900399","https://openalex.org/W2076026915","https://openalex.org/W2084712180","https://openalex.org/W2084846190","https://openalex.org/W2089627752","https://openalex.org/W2090239878","https://openalex.org/W2101157260","https://openalex.org/W2102271210","https://openalex.org/W2103777411","https://openalex.org/W2107100887","https://openalex.org/W2108682623","https://openalex.org/W2112130894","https://openalex.org/W2112750336","https://openalex.org/W2113155352","https://openalex.org/W2117644163","https://openalex.org/W2119106302","https://openalex.org/W2122908584","https://openalex.org/W2123447369","https://openalex.org/W2125972393","https://openalex.org/W2126410529","https://openalex.org/W2133007514","https://openalex.org/W2137213403","https://openalex.org/W2139760253","https://openalex.org/W2141976681","https://openalex.org/W2147027645","https://openalex.org/W2148166852","https://openalex.org/W2149459384","https://openalex.org/W2155216078","https://openalex.org/W2164961968","https://openalex.org/W2166353145","https://openalex.org/W2169927269","https://openalex.org/W2172138773","https://openalex.org/W2177275043","https://openalex.org/W2177653635","https://openalex.org/W2185762619","https://openalex.org/W2196177893","https://openalex.org/W2230044011","https://openalex.org/W2245665101","https://openalex.org/W2396898615","https://openalex.org/W2425573469","https://openalex.org/W4211046201"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971835881","https://openalex.org/W2020004383","https://openalex.org/W2108631382","https://openalex.org/W2030271395","https://openalex.org/W2148448794","https://openalex.org/W2270576795","https://openalex.org/W2215740896","https://openalex.org/W1993928589","https://openalex.org/W2766802059","https://openalex.org/W2264723408"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Black":[0,71],"Americans":[1,53,72,121],"diagnosed":[2],"with":[3,124,160,175,190],"cancer":[4,19,39,114,220],"generally":[5,73],"have":[6,74],"lower":[7,38,46,56,176],"survival":[8,40],"rates":[9,41,58,109,162],"than":[10,178],"white":[11,81,180],"Americans,":[12,82,173],"even":[13],"after":[14],"adjustment":[15],"for":[16,51,97,107,110,115,119,126,130,163,171,179],"stage":[17],"of":[18,22,26,59,93,100,113,219],"at":[20],"time":[21],"discovery":[23],"and":[24,83,95,137,168,183,204,222],"level":[25],"treatment":[27],"received.":[28],"The":[29],"hypothesis":[30,211],"developed":[31],"in":[32,144],"this":[33,104],"work":[34],"is":[35,86],"that":[36,212],"these":[37,195],"may":[42],"be":[43],"due":[44,67],"to":[45,55,68,89,200,207],"serum":[47,78],"25-hydroxyvitamin":[48],"D":[49,61,85,214],"[25(OH)DI":[50],"black":[52,120,172],"attributed":[54],"production":[57],"vitamin":[60,84,213],"from":[62],"solar":[63,127],"ultraviolet-B":[64],"(UVB)":[65],"irradiance":[66],"darker":[69],"skin.":[70],"50-75%":[75],"as":[76,80],"much":[77],"25(OH)D":[79],"now":[87],"thought":[88],"reduce":[90,216],"the":[91,116,150,210,217],"risk":[92,218],"incidence":[94,221],"mortality":[96,108,161],"18":[98],"types":[99,112],"cancer.":[101],"To":[102],"explore":[103],"hypothesis,":[105],"data":[106],"various":[111],"period":[117],"1970-1994":[118],"were":[122,186],"used":[123],"indices":[125],"UVB":[128,154],"levels":[129],"July,":[131],"smoking,":[132],"alcohol":[133,184],"consumption,":[134],"urban":[135],"residence":[136],"poverty":[138],"level,":[139],"all":[140],"averaged":[141],"by":[142],"state,":[143],"multiple":[145],"linear":[146],"regression":[147],"analyses":[148],"using":[149],"ecologic":[151],"approach.":[152],"Solar":[153],"was":[155],"found":[156],"significantly":[157,188],"inversely":[158],"correlated":[159,189],"breast,":[164],"colon,":[165],"esophageal,":[166],"gastric":[167],"rectal":[169],"cancers":[170],"albeit":[174],"associations":[177],"Americans.":[181],"Smoking":[182],"consumption":[185],"also":[187],"several":[191],"cancers.":[192],"Based":[193],"on":[194],"results,":[196],"it":[197],"seems":[198],"worthwhile":[199],"conduct":[201],"observational,":[202],"prevention":[203],"intervention":[205],"studies":[206],"further":[208],"test":[209],"can":[215],"death.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}