{"id":"https://openalex.org/W121967333","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2003-39781","title":"Effects of Free Fatty Acids (FFA) on Glucose Metabolism: Significance for Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes","display_name":"Effects of Free Fatty Acids (FFA) on Glucose Metabolism: Significance for Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-06-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W121967333","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2003-39781","mag":"121967333","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12784183"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1055/s-2003-39781","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2003-39781","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2003-39781","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S67343978","display_name":"Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes","issn_l":"0947-7349","issn":["0947-7349","1439-3646"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320000","host_organization_name":"Thieme Medical Publishers (Germany)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320000"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Thieme Medical Publishers (Germany)"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Diabetes","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109280622","display_name":"G. Boden","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84392919","display_name":"Temple University","ror":"https://ror.org/00kx1jb78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84392919"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"G. Boden","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Endocrinology/Diabetes/Metabolism and the General Clinical Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA. bodengh@tuhs.temple.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Endocrinology/Diabetes/Metabolism and the General Clinical Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA. bodengh@tuhs.temple.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84392919"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109280622"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84392919"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.3185,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":358,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9781503,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"111","issue":"03","first_page":"121","last_page":"124"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10839","display_name":"Pancreatic function and diabetes","score":0.2969000041484833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10839","display_name":"Pancreatic function and diabetes","score":0.2969000041484833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10027","display_name":"Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins","score":0.23430000245571136,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10528","display_name":"Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases","score":0.2020999938249588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-fatty-acids","display_name":"free fatty acids","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin-resistance","display_name":"insulin resistance","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-2-diabetes","display_name":"type 2 diabetes","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glucose-metabolism","display_name":"glucose metabolism","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skeletal-muscle-insulin-signaling","display_name":"skeletal muscle insulin signaling","score":0.6729999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hepatic-insulin-resistance","display_name":"hepatic insulin resistance","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin-secretion","display_name":"insulin secretion","score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diacylglycerol","display_name":"diacylglycerol","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protein-kinase-c","display_name":"protein kinase C","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glycogen-synthesis","display_name":"glycogen synthesis","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glycogenolysis","display_name":"glycogenolysis","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obesity","display_name":"obesity","score":0.546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nf-kappab-signaling","display_name":"NF-\u03baB signaling","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inflammation","display_name":"inflammation","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronary-artery-disease","display_name":"coronary artery disease","score":0.9959999918937683}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.8967137932777405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.8766155242919922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777391703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053470","display_name":"Insulin resistance","level":3,"score":0.8682965040206909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779306644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2002370","display_name":"Insulin","level":2,"score":0.7248924970626831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777949327","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q680603","display_name":"Glycogenolysis","level":3,"score":0.67641681432724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777180221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.5785202383995056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192118531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q86360001","display_name":"Glycogen synthase","level":3,"score":0.535648763179779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777866211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5572349","display_name":"Glucose uptake","level":3,"score":0.5239819884300232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.4567003548145294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777499176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174936","display_name":"Glycogen","level":2,"score":0.4277569055557251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144855686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6042245","display_name":"Insulin oscillation","level":4,"score":0.4173426926136017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778024521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55639806","display_name":"Basal (medicine)","level":3,"score":0.4172114431858063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.38848641514778137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3720153868198395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.32134541869163513}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003924","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005230","descriptor_name":"Fatty Acids, Nonesterified","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005947","descriptor_name":"Glucose","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007333","descriptor_name":"Insulin Resistance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008099","descriptor_name":"Liver","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009765","descriptor_name":"Obesity","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1055/s-2003-39781","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2003-39781","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2003-39781","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S67343978","display_name":"Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes","issn_l":"0947-7349","issn":["0947-7349","1439-3646"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320000","host_organization_name":"Thieme Medical Publishers (Germany)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320000"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Thieme Medical Publishers (Germany)"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Diabetes","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:12784183","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12784183","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Experimental and clinical endocrinology & diabetes : official journal, German Society of Endocrinology [and] German Diabetes Association","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.979200005531311}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1786830912","display_name":"ETHANOL &FAT INDUCED INSULIN RESISTANCE IN THE ELDERLY","funder_award_id":"R01AG007988","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Aging"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2843514174","display_name":"GENERAL CLINICAL RESEARCH CENTER","funder_award_id":"M01RR000349","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337375","funder_display_name":"National Center for Research Resources"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5780477308","display_name":"FAT MEDIATED INSULIN SECRETION AND DIABETES IN ELDERLY","funder_award_id":"R01AG015363","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Aging"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","display_name":"National Institute on Aging","ror":"https://ror.org/049v75w11"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337375","display_name":"National Center for Research Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/04pw6fb54"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337376","display_name":"NIH Clinical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04vfsmv21"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2079731322","https://openalex.org/W2087008389","https://openalex.org/W2035481611","https://openalex.org/W1992634754","https://openalex.org/W2320835784","https://openalex.org/W2162614886","https://openalex.org/W2067184340","https://openalex.org/W148606487","https://openalex.org/W2129248292","https://openalex.org/W2041176514"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Most":[0],"obese":[1,100],"individuals":[2],"have":[3,144],"elevated":[4,161],"plasma":[5,162],"levels":[6,163],"of":[7,37,41,58,71,84,99,164,172,190],"free":[8],"fatty":[9],"acids":[10],"(FFA)":[11],"which":[12,153],"are":[13,111,129,166],"known":[14],"to":[15,113,131,148],"cause":[16,47,171],"peripheral":[17],"(muscle)":[18],"insulin":[19,49,73,78,81,101,119,125,173],"resistance.":[20,50],"They":[21,51,110],"do":[22,52,104,132],"this":[23,53,133],"by":[24,54],"inhibiting":[25,55],"insulin-stimulated":[26],"glucose":[27],"uptake":[28],"and":[29,39,68,75,178],"glycogen":[30],"synthesis.":[31],"The":[32,80],"mechanism":[33],"involves":[34],"intramyocellular":[35],"accumulation":[36],"diacylglycerol":[38],"activation":[40],"protein":[42],"kinase":[43],"C.":[44],"FFAs":[45,64,85,143,165],"also":[46],"hepatic":[48],"insulin-mediated":[56],"suppression":[57],"glycogenolysis.":[59],"On":[60],"the":[61,89,92,150,188],"other":[62],"hand,":[63],"support":[65],"between":[66],"30":[67],"50":[69],"%":[70],"basal":[72],"secretion":[74],"potentiate":[76],"glucose-stimulated":[77],"secretion.":[79,126],"stimulatory":[82],"action":[83],"is":[86,154],"responsible":[87],"for":[88,115,135],"fact":[90],"that":[91],"vast":[93],"majority":[94],"(":[95],"approximately":[96],"80":[97],"%)":[98],"resistant":[102],"people":[103],"not":[105,167],"develop":[106,139],"type":[107,140],"2":[108,141],"diabetes.":[109,142],"able":[112],"compensate":[114],"their":[116],"FFA":[117,123],"mediated":[118,124],"resistance":[120,174],"with":[121],"increased":[122],"Individuals":[127],"who":[128],"unable":[130],"(probably":[134],"genetic":[136],"reasons)":[137],"eventually":[138],"recently":[145],"been":[146],"shown":[147],"activate":[149],"IkappaB/NFkappaB":[151],"pathway":[152],"involved":[155],"in":[156,175,182,187],"many":[157],"inflammatory":[158],"processes.":[159],"Thus,":[160],"only":[168],"a":[169,185],"major":[170],"skeletal":[176],"muscle":[177],"liver":[179],"but":[180],"may,":[181],"addition,":[183],"play":[184],"role":[186],"pathogenesis":[189],"coronary":[191],"artery":[192],"disease.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":18}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
