{"id":"https://openalex.org/W121881972","doi":null,"title":"The Effect of Gender and Familiarity on the Use of like in New Zealand English","display_name":"The Effect of Gender and Familiarity on the Use of like in New Zealand English","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W121881972","mag":"121881972"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:alma.64OTAGO_INST:11396646980001891","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ourarchive.otago.ac.nz/esploro/outputs/graduate/The-Effect-of-Gender-and-Familiarity/9926479020101891","pdf_url":"https://ourarchive.otago.ac.nz/view/delivery/64OTAGO_INST/12396646970001891/13397168320001891","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402094","display_name":"Otago University Research Archive (University of Otago)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I80281795","host_organization_name":"University of Otago","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80281795"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Masters Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://ourarchive.otago.ac.nz/view/delivery/64OTAGO_INST/12396646970001891/13397168320001891","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073967630","display_name":"Rebecca Anna Yates","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rebecca Anna Yates","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073967630"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10383","display_name":"Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies","score":0.9463000297546387,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10383","display_name":"Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies","score":0.9463000297546387,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11640","display_name":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","score":0.025299999862909317,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13173","display_name":"Gender Studies in Language","score":0.0066999997943639755,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-differences-in-language","display_name":"gender differences in language","score":0.6110000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/familiarity","display_name":"familiarity","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dyadic-conversation","display_name":"dyadic conversation","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/new-zealand-english","display_name":"New Zealand English","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/audience-design","display_name":"audience design","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-identity-theory","display_name":"social identity theory","score":0.9819999933242798}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6611099243164062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778355321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17079427","display_name":"Identity (music)","level":2,"score":0.5744248628616333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.5360034108161926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.4737982153892517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.38158565759658813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.09462451934814453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:alma.64OTAGO_INST:11396646980001891","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ourarchive.otago.ac.nz/esploro/outputs/graduate/The-Effect-of-Gender-and-Familiarity/9926479020101891","pdf_url":"https://ourarchive.otago.ac.nz/view/delivery/64OTAGO_INST/12396646970001891/13397168320001891","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402094","display_name":"Otago University Research Archive (University of Otago)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I80281795","host_organization_name":"University of Otago","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80281795"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Masters Thesis"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.839.3149","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.839.3149","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://ourarchive.otago.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10523/2462/YatesRebeccaA2012MA.pdf%3Bjsessionid%3DBA560D428FBCBE6B16365FFAEDF58667?sequence%3D5","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ourarchive.otago.ac.nz:10523/2462","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10523/2462","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402094","display_name":"Otago University Research Archive (University of Otago)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I80281795","host_organization_name":"University of Otago","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80281795"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis or Dissertation"},{"id":"mag:121881972","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ourarchive.otago.ac.nz/handle/10523/2462","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:alma.64OTAGO_INST:11396646980001891","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ourarchive.otago.ac.nz/esploro/outputs/graduate/The-Effect-of-Gender-and-Familiarity/9926479020101891","pdf_url":"https://ourarchive.otago.ac.nz/view/delivery/64OTAGO_INST/12396646970001891/13397168320001891","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402094","display_name":"Otago University Research Archive (University of Otago)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I80281795","host_organization_name":"University of Otago","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80281795"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Masters Thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6025999784469604,"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W121881972.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W121881972.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":69,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W53216963","https://openalex.org/W418313381","https://openalex.org/W426385240","https://openalex.org/W612101053","https://openalex.org/W1529525181","https://openalex.org/W1554116379","https://openalex.org/W1592805114","https://openalex.org/W1722893775","https://openalex.org/W1798535660","https://openalex.org/W1969787028","https://openalex.org/W1969907306","https://openalex.org/W1971324181","https://openalex.org/W1988055263","https://openalex.org/W1989010509","https://openalex.org/W1989554160","https://openalex.org/W1992954525","https://openalex.org/W2001937963","https://openalex.org/W2002741201","https://openalex.org/W2007615835","https://openalex.org/W2010894575","https://openalex.org/W2016769761","https://openalex.org/W2016811128","https://openalex.org/W2022679740","https://openalex.org/W2026797698","https://openalex.org/W2033852541","https://openalex.org/W2035851103","https://openalex.org/W2036046055","https://openalex.org/W2045114145","https://openalex.org/W2055261208","https://openalex.org/W2062783322","https://openalex.org/W2063797162","https://openalex.org/W2068529644","https://openalex.org/W2072517471","https://openalex.org/W2072607432","https://openalex.org/W2081692967","https://openalex.org/W2082235330","https://openalex.org/W2083210461","https://openalex.org/W2090350619","https://openalex.org/W2090599418","https://openalex.org/W2097805032","https://openalex.org/W2103962178","https://openalex.org/W2104291711","https://openalex.org/W2104471058","https://openalex.org/W2104875973","https://openalex.org/W2124003719","https://openalex.org/W2125625621","https://openalex.org/W2127063197","https://openalex.org/W2129996644","https://openalex.org/W2132839234","https://openalex.org/W2147588935","https://openalex.org/W2148704278","https://openalex.org/W2159035740","https://openalex.org/W2159398820","https://openalex.org/W2166851034","https://openalex.org/W2170030781","https://openalex.org/W2245905551","https://openalex.org/W2263554618","https://openalex.org/W2315515768","https://openalex.org/W2318057080","https://openalex.org/W2321508987","https://openalex.org/W2329933428","https://openalex.org/W2470050303","https://openalex.org/W2481731845","https://openalex.org/W2499282445","https://openalex.org/W2501576063","https://openalex.org/W2588943572","https://openalex.org/W3021855575","https://openalex.org/W4241822543","https://openalex.org/W4242854038"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2991125795","https://openalex.org/W566902743","https://openalex.org/W4391857311","https://openalex.org/W7196945727","https://openalex.org/W7097193379","https://openalex.org/W4404303766","https://openalex.org/W7039105158","https://openalex.org/W2937448212","https://openalex.org/W7011113173","https://openalex.org/W2781230021"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Research":[0],"on":[1,9,58,67,104,227],"the":[2,49,59,155,159,192,228,270],"pragmatic":[3],"device":[4],"like":[5,10,18,31,121,149,172,176,185,196,250,254,279,282],"has":[6,19],"primarily":[7],"focused":[8],"as":[11],"a":[12,35,101,123,180,262],"quotative.":[13],"The":[14,82,93,107],"overall":[15],"distribution":[16],"of":[17,51,61,73,154,231,273,295],"received":[20],"comparatively":[21],"little":[22],"attention.":[23],"Particularly":[24],"lacking":[25],"are":[26,237,255,266,283],"accounts":[27],"which":[28,74],"show":[29],"how":[30],"may":[32],"vary":[33],"for":[34,118,241,286],"speaker":[36,52],"in":[37,191],"different":[38],"situations":[39],"or":[40,260],"contexts.":[41],"\\n\\nThis":[42],"study":[43,64],"addresses":[44],"this":[45],"gap":[46],"by":[47,269],"testing":[48],"effects":[50,114],"gender,":[53],"addressee":[54,152],"gender":[55,129],"and":[56,78,90,97,128,147,164,173,204,225,233,251,275,280,290],"familiarity":[57,127],"frequency":[60],"like.":[62],"This":[63],"is":[65,245],"based":[66,103],"24":[68],"20-minute":[69],"dyadic":[70],"conversations,":[71],"12":[72,79],"occurred":[75],"between":[76,80,87,126,202],"friends,":[77,203],"strangers.":[81],"dyads":[83],"were":[84,95,133,139,166,206],"split":[85],"evenly":[86],"female-female,":[88],"female-male":[89],"male-male":[91,193],"pairings.":[92],"recordings":[94],"transcribed":[96],"coded":[98],"according":[99],"to":[100,142,169,179,189,200,209,214,239,257],"system":[102],"Terraschke":[105],"(2008).":[106],"data":[108],"was":[109,153,186,197],"then":[110],"analysed":[111],"using":[112,287],"mixed":[113],"logistic":[115],"regression.\\n\\nThe":[116],"results":[117],"discourse":[119,252],"marker":[120],"showed":[122],"significant":[124],"interaction":[125],"relation.":[130],"When":[131],"participants":[132],"friends":[134],"with":[135],"their":[136,151,296],"addressee,":[137],"they":[138,265],"more":[140,167,187,198,207],"likely":[141,168,188,199,208],"use":[143,170,210],"\u201cquotative\u201d,":[144],"\u201csubjective":[145],"stance\u201d":[146],"\u201chesitation\u201d":[148],"if":[150],"same":[156],"gender.":[157],"In":[158],"unfamiliar":[160],"data,":[161],"both":[162],"males":[163],"females":[165,205],"quotative":[171,249],"subjective":[174],"stance":[175,278],"when":[177,212],"speaking":[178,213],"female":[181],"addressee.":[182],"\u201cDiscourse":[183],"link\u201d":[184],"occur":[190,201],"dyads.":[194],"\u201cCut-off\u201d":[195],"it":[211],"males.\\n\\nAudience":[215],"design":[216,289],"(Bell,":[217],"1984),":[218],"social":[219,291],"identity":[220,292],"theory":[221,293],"(see":[222],"Meyerhoff,":[223],"1996)":[224],"observations":[226],"communicative":[229,271],"preferences":[230,272],"men":[232,274],"women":[234],"(Coates,":[235],"2004)":[236],"used":[238,256],"account":[240],"these":[242],"results.":[243],"It":[244],"argued":[246],"that":[247],"because":[248,294],"link":[253],"structure":[258],"discourse,":[259],"have":[261],"textual":[263],"function,":[264],"better":[267,284],"explained":[268],"women.":[276],"Subjective":[277],"hesitation":[281],"accounted":[285],"audience":[288],"interactional":[297],"function.":[298]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}