{"id":"https://openalex.org/W121865403","doi":null,"title":"Professional motivation and career plan differences between African-American and Caucasian dental students: implications for improving workforce diversity.","display_name":"Professional motivation and career plan differences between African-American and Caucasian dental students: implications for improving workforce diversity.","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W121865403","mag":"121865403","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12078931","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2594379"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2594379","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2594379","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Natl Med Assoc","raw_type":"Text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2594379","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111653695","display_name":"Janice M. Butters","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Janice M Butters","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Periodontics, Endodontics, and Dental Hygiene, University of Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Periodontics, Endodontics, and Dental Hygiene, University of Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055507601","display_name":"Paul A. Winter","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul A Winter","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.727,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84886196,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"94","issue":"6","first_page":"492","last_page":"504"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10843","display_name":"Diversity and Career in Medicine","score":0.8755000233650208,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10843","display_name":"Diversity and Career in Medicine","score":0.8755000233650208,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13457","display_name":"Dental Education, Practice, Research","score":0.10830000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10726","display_name":"Career Development and Diversity","score":0.007400000002235174,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dental-students","display_name":"dental students","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-american-students","display_name":"African American students","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-disparities","display_name":"racial disparities","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workplace-diversity","display_name":"workplace diversity","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employee-motivation","display_name":"employee motivation","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/career-aspirations","display_name":"career aspirations","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minority-student-recruitment","display_name":"minority student recruitment","score":0.5559999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dental-curriculum","display_name":"dental curriculum","score":0.48899999260902405}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781316041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230584","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","level":2,"score":0.691027820110321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778139618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13440398","display_name":"Workforce","level":2,"score":0.6602198481559753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47177190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207137","display_name":"Curriculum","level":2,"score":0.5828040838241577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987028688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49085","display_name":"African american","level":2,"score":0.5690656304359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137403100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic group","level":2,"score":0.5529228448867798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910734998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25305118","display_name":"Underrepresented Minority","level":2,"score":0.5182828307151794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.5084930658340454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780084366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demographics","level":2,"score":0.49730804562568665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4267708659172058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51067260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828812","display_name":"Professional development","level":2,"score":0.42586684226989746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3647841811180115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.35592663288116455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.21907585859298706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2065548300743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.20054835081100464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2549261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43455","display_name":"Ethnology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000078329","descriptor_name":"Workforce","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001741","descriptor_name":"Black or African American","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002321","descriptor_name":"Career Choice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003815","descriptor_name":"Dentists","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004497","descriptor_name":"Education, Dental","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004497","descriptor_name":"Education, Dental","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007588","descriptor_name":"Job Satisfaction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011215","descriptor_name":"Practice Management, Dental","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011331","descriptor_name":"Private Practice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011795","descriptor_name":"Surveys and Questionnaires","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012044","descriptor_name":"Regression Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012456","descriptor_name":"Salaries and Fringe Benefits","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014146","descriptor_name":"Training Support","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D044465","descriptor_name":"White People","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2594379","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2594379","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Natl Med Assoc","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:12078931","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12078931","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the National Medical Association","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:121865403","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12078931","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2594379","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2594379","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Natl Med Assoc","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8974000215530396,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"},{"score":0.5385000109672546,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"},{"score":0.504800021648407,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W9822973","https://openalex.org/W10825955","https://openalex.org/W105019596","https://openalex.org/W180133536","https://openalex.org/W1519870281","https://openalex.org/W1796613313","https://openalex.org/W1818049071","https://openalex.org/W1959360538","https://openalex.org/W2005978137","https://openalex.org/W2058213411","https://openalex.org/W2060051415","https://openalex.org/W2236967046","https://openalex.org/W2346822340","https://openalex.org/W2404115547","https://openalex.org/W2408509194","https://openalex.org/W2412433293","https://openalex.org/W2426079066","https://openalex.org/W2473085471","https://openalex.org/W2994573484","https://openalex.org/W4327494541"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2095890857","https://openalex.org/W337102455","https://openalex.org/W2135595356","https://openalex.org/W2615394805","https://openalex.org/W4390504005","https://openalex.org/W1818049071","https://openalex.org/W1988278761","https://openalex.org/W7096546219","https://openalex.org/W4297260276","https://openalex.org/W2574041726"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Vast":[0],"disparities":[1],"in":[2,10,14,29,108,158],"oral":[3],"health":[4,151],"status":[5],"coupled":[6],"with":[7],"projected":[8],"decreases":[9],"African":[11,27],"Americans":[12,28],"enrolling":[13],"and":[15,44,52,59,79,82,84,112,143,155,165,178],"graduating":[16],"from":[17],"dental":[18,31,65,171],"school":[19],"have":[20,148],"heightened":[21],"concern":[22],"about":[23,76],"the":[24,30,102,163],"underrepresentation":[25],"of":[26,35,87,167],"profession.":[32],"The":[33],"purpose":[34],"this":[36],"study":[37],"was":[38,133],"to":[39,96,100,105,121,129,161,173,183],"explore":[40],"differences":[41],"between":[42],"African-American":[43,55,91,168],"white":[45,60],"American":[46,61,116],"students":[47,66,92,117],"regarding":[48],"demographics,":[49],"professional":[50,80],"motivations,":[51],"career":[53],"plans.":[54],"(n":[56,62],"=":[57,63],"104)":[58],"226)":[64],"completed":[67],"a":[68,98,123,134],"biographical":[69],"data":[70],"survey":[71],"instrument,":[72],"which":[73],"included":[74],"information":[75],"family":[77,130],"background":[78],"motivations":[81],"plans,":[83],"rated":[85],"descriptions":[86],"three":[88],"practice":[89],"arrangements.":[90],"were":[93,118],"more":[94,119],"motivated":[95,120],"become":[97,122],"dentist":[99,124],"serve":[101],"public,":[103],"plan":[104],"specialize,":[106],"work":[107,113],"an":[109],"urban":[110],"area,":[111],"part-time.":[114],"White":[115],"based":[125],"on":[126],"factors":[127],"related":[128],"commitments.":[131],"Race":[132],"significant":[135],"predictor":[136],"for":[137,140,150],"student":[138,176,186],"ratings":[139],"both":[141],"solo":[142],"employee":[144],"practice.":[145],"Study":[146],"results":[147],"implications":[149],"professions":[152],"educators,":[153],"administrators,":[154],"policy":[156],"makers":[157],"their":[159],"efforts":[160],"improve":[162],"recruitment":[164],"retention":[166],"students,":[169],"shape":[170],"curricula":[172],"meet":[174],"diverse":[175],"needs,":[177],"implement":[179],"loan":[180],"forgiveness":[181],"programs":[182],"enhance":[184],"minority":[185],"recruitment.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}