{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1209609","doi":null,"title":"Fracture Toughness of AA2024 Aluminum Fly Ash Metal Matrix Composites","display_name":"Fracture Toughness of AA2024 Aluminum Fly Ash Metal Matrix Composites","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1209609","mag":"1209609"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:1209609","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://article.sapub.org/pdf/10.5923.j.cmaterials.20140402.10.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764907572","display_name":"International journal of composite materials","issn_l":"2166-479X","issn":["2166-479X","2166-4919"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International journal of composite materials","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"http://article.sapub.org/pdf/10.5923.j.cmaterials.20140402.10.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036675961","display_name":"Ajit Bhandakkar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ajit Bhandakkar","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030209541","display_name":"Rajesh Prasad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6020-0827","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6020-0827","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5006-8236"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rajesh Prasad","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111976382","display_name":"Shankar M. L. Sastry","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shankar M. L. Sastry","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1643,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7951638,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"2","first_page":"108","last_page":"124"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10717","display_name":"Aluminum Alloys Composites Properties","score":0.9018999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10717","display_name":"Aluminum Alloys Composites Properties","score":0.9018999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10396","display_name":"Fatigue and fracture mechanics","score":0.04749999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10219","display_name":"Mechanical Behavior of Composites","score":0.00860000029206276,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metal-matrix-composites","display_name":"metal matrix composites","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aluminum-alloy-2024","display_name":"2024 aluminum alloy","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fracture-toughness","display_name":"fracture toughness","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elastic-plastic-fracture-toughness","display_name":"elastic-plastic fracture toughness","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/j-integral","display_name":"J-integral","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crack-closure","display_name":"crack closure","score":0.6629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crack-tip-opening-angle","display_name":"crack tip opening angle","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardness","display_name":"hardness","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tensile-strength","display_name":"tensile strength","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-weight-fraction","display_name":"reinforcement weight fraction","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hysteresis-loops","display_name":"hysteresis loops","score":0.6309999823570251}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.9032392501831055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87343466","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q236139","display_name":"Fly ash","level":2,"score":0.8353195190429688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.7483373880386353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97549433","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q911969","display_name":"Fracture toughness","level":2,"score":0.7456321716308594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112950240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76005","display_name":"Ultimate tensile strength","level":2,"score":0.5924662947654724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99595764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486802","display_name":"Toughness","level":2,"score":0.5866521000862122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780026712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37756","display_name":"Alloy","level":2,"score":0.4702374339103699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43486711","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192005","display_name":"Elastic modulus","level":2,"score":0.42600536346435547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513153333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663","display_name":"Aluminium","level":2,"score":0.4116445481777191}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:1209609","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://article.sapub.org/pdf/10.5923.j.cmaterials.20140402.10.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764907572","display_name":"International journal of composite materials","issn_l":"2166-479X","issn":["2166-479X","2166-4919"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International journal of composite materials","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"mag:1209609","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://article.sapub.org/pdf/10.5923.j.cmaterials.20140402.10.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764907572","display_name":"International journal of composite materials","issn_l":"2166-479X","issn":["2166-479X","2166-4919"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International journal of composite materials","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1527392974","https://openalex.org/W1973082924","https://openalex.org/W1974539481","https://openalex.org/W1983230810","https://openalex.org/W2018327132","https://openalex.org/W2041347971","https://openalex.org/W2076284253","https://openalex.org/W2081379993","https://openalex.org/W2085070326"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2185618354","https://openalex.org/W1488098129","https://openalex.org/W2558283557","https://openalex.org/W7100073005","https://openalex.org/W2182082450","https://openalex.org/W2151428357","https://openalex.org/W1973639474","https://openalex.org/W4302027581","https://openalex.org/W3030389889","https://openalex.org/W7000362790"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,22,49,88,208,234,259,286,302],"aluminum":[1,199],"fly":[2,23,157,173,183,200,240,283],"ash":[3,24,50,158,174,184,201,241,284],"metal":[4,85,175],"matrix":[5,176],"composites":[6,177,242,313],"(MMCs)":[7],"find":[8],"important":[9],"applications":[10,96],"in":[11,46,55,94,144,267,299,309],"automobile":[12],"and":[13,18,44,70,76,128,164,191,195,261,269,305,312,319],"aerospace":[14],"where":[15],"high":[16,68],"strength":[17,71,75,163,190],"modulus":[19,69],"is":[20,30,228,276],"important.":[21],"by":[25,115],"product":[26],"of":[27,33,90,153,156,171,182,197,205,211,238,278,307],"coal":[28],"burning":[29],"drawing":[31],"lot":[32],"attention":[34],"as":[35,63,103,217,247],"reinforcement":[36,159,297],"for":[37,222,252,288],"MMCs":[38,91],"due":[39,97,281],"to":[40,83,98,105,117,219,249,282],"its":[41,99],"low":[42,100],"cost":[43],"reduction":[45],"environmental":[47],"pollution.":[48],"particles,":[51],"generally":[52],"being":[53],"hollow":[54],"nature,":[56],"display":[57],"lower":[58,80],"densities":[59,81],"while":[60],"oxides":[61],"present":[62,149],"constituents":[64],"make":[65],"them":[66],"possess":[67],"thereby":[72],"enhancing":[73],"specific":[74],"stiffness":[77],"along":[78],"with":[79,179,230],"compared":[82,218,248],"many":[84],"based":[86],"systems.":[87],"uses":[89],"are":[92,142],"impeded":[93],"critical":[95],"fracture":[101,122,165,192,209,236,303],"toughness":[102,123,166,193,210,237],"compare":[104],"metals.":[106],"LEFM":[107],"(Linear":[108],"Elastic":[109],"Fracture":[110,140],"Mechanics)":[111],"has":[112],"been":[113,168,315],"used":[114],"researchers":[116],"characterize":[118],"the":[119,148,151,180,188,198,231,253,300],"plane":[120],"strain":[121],"using":[124,136],"various":[125],"specimen":[126],"geometries":[127],"notches.":[129],"However":[130,187],"there":[131],"were":[132],"very":[133],"few":[134],"studies":[135],"EPFM":[137],"(Elastic":[138],"Plastic":[139],"Toughness)":[141],"reported":[143,232],"open":[145],"literature.":[146],"In":[147],"paper":[150],"influences":[152],"weight":[154],"fraction":[155],"on":[160],"hardness,":[161],"tensile":[162,189],"have":[167,314],"evaluated.":[169],"Hardness":[170],"aluminium":[172],"increases":[178],"addition":[181],"particulate":[185],"reinforcement.":[186],"KIC":[194],"JIC":[196,235],"composite":[202],"decreases":[203],"that":[204],"base":[206,224,256,310],"alloy.":[207],"AA2024":[212,239],"varied":[213,243],"between":[214,244],"17-18":[215],"MPa\u221a\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd":[216,221],"21":[220],"remelted":[223],"alloy":[225,257,311],"AA2024,":[226],"which":[227],"consistent":[229],"data.":[233],"6-15":[245],"KJ/m\u00b2":[246,251],"25":[250],"re":[254],"melted":[255],"AA2024.":[258],"load":[260],"COD":[262],"plot":[263],"shows":[264],"hysteresis":[265,274],"loop":[266,275],"loading":[268],"unloading":[270],"compliance":[271],"curve.":[272],"This":[273],"indicative":[277],"crack":[279,289],"closure":[280,290],"particles.":[285],"reason":[287],"may":[291],"be":[292],"surface":[293],"roughness":[294],"resulting":[295],"from":[296],"particles":[298],"composites.":[301],"behavior":[304],"micro-mechanism":[306],"failure":[308],"observed":[316],"under":[317],"SEM":[318],"optical":[320],"microscopy.":[321]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}