{"id":"https://openalex.org/W117948157","doi":null,"title":"The role of subjective input in causal category formation","display_name":"The role of subjective input in causal category formation","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W117948157","mag":"117948157"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:117948157","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1714008","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025051687","display_name":"Patricia W. Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5047-5467","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5047-5467"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patricia W. Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California\u2013Los Angeles"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5047-5467","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California\u2013Los Angeles","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018322649","display_name":"Donald G. MacKay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6342-9144","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6342-9144"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Donald G. MacKay","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California\u2013Los Angeles"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6342-9144","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California\u2013Los Angeles","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Nathalie James","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nathalie James","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California\u2013Los Angeles"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California\u2013Los Angeles","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.02446637,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12694","display_name":"Categorization, perception, and language","score":0.9218999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12694","display_name":"Categorization, perception, and language","score":0.9218999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11303","display_name":"Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference","score":0.04450000077486038,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10315","display_name":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","score":0.005200000014156103,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1800","display_name":"General Decision Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causal-reasoning","display_name":"causal reasoning","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subjective-knowledge","display_name":"subjective knowledge","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causal-role","display_name":"causal role","score":0.5540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-objectives","display_name":"learning objectives","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/category-formation","display_name":"category formation","score":0.6240000128746033}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94124525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912550","display_name":"Categorization","level":2,"score":0.735148549079895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7167501449584961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.6360471844673157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166151441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4923601","display_name":"Causation","level":2,"score":0.6243793964385986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189645446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q350865","display_name":"Mirroring","level":2,"score":0.5932217836380005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142853389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778","display_name":"Association (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5365849137306213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11671645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5054567","display_name":"Causal model","level":2,"score":0.49932074546813965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779913896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7063001","display_name":"Notice","level":2,"score":0.4938989281654358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527412718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.491567462682724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163504300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2364925","display_name":"Causal structure","level":2,"score":0.4793682396411896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.46353840827941895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48164120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4491893","display_name":"Concept learning","level":2,"score":0.4266061782836914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188353592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q450586","display_name":"Expectancy theory","level":2,"score":0.4223966598510742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64357122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1149766","display_name":"Causality (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4137316048145294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1486034095287323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.135244220495224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12769711017608643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.09843671321868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:117948157","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1714008","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.7400000095367432}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2621416795","https://openalex.org/W2330421846","https://openalex.org/W7098213359","https://openalex.org/W2149196449","https://openalex.org/W2102578078","https://openalex.org/W2158530728","https://openalex.org/W2066080845","https://openalex.org/W2057636008","https://openalex.org/W1989387273","https://openalex.org/W7099697521"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,71,173],"goal":[1],"of":[2,10,13,19,27,31,84,94,115,155,159,210,213,221,287],"this":[3,137],"dissertation":[4],"was":[5,118],"to":[6,88,107,121,151,185,191,203,242,266,296],"evaluate":[7],"the":[8,17,46,52,62,68,156,168,196,208,257,278,285],"effects":[9],"two":[11,238],"forms":[12],"subjective":[14,233],"knowledge":[15,24,30,255],"on":[16,249,253],"formation":[18,96,117,223],"categories":[20,199,228,244],"during":[21],"causal":[22,48,56,82,112,127,227],"reasoning:":[23],"about":[25,256],"principles":[26],"causation":[28],"and":[29,103,270,292],"specific":[32],"goals.":[33],"\r\nChapter":[34,139],"2":[35],"presented":[36,141],"a":[37,58,81,142,211,218,250],"behavioral":[38,143],"experiment":[39,144],"testing":[40,145],"whether":[41,146],"knowing":[42],"that":[43,64,74,80,97,99,124,133,176,182,198,224,226,259],"stimuli":[44,69,125,169,280],"shared":[45],"same":[47,53,157],"role":[49],"rather":[50],"than":[51],"location":[54],"(a":[55],"vs.":[57],"non-causal":[59],"property)":[60],"increases":[61],"likelihood":[63],"participants":[65,147,162],"will":[66],"categorize":[67],"together.":[70],"results":[72,174],"indicated":[73,175],"it":[75,216],"does.":[76],"This":[77,179,194],"finding":[78,180],"suggested":[79,181,225],"interpretation":[83],"an":[85],"association":[86],"contributes":[87,190],"category":[89,95,109,116,192,222,262],"formation.":[90,110,193],"It":[91],"contradicted":[92],"accounts":[93],"hold":[98],"associations":[100],"between":[101],"objects":[102,258],"properties":[104,128],"are":[105,134,274],"enough":[106],"explain":[108,152],"A":[111],"model":[113],"account":[114,220],"discussed":[119],"according":[120,202],"which":[122],"expecting":[123],"have":[126],"helps":[129],"people":[130,241,295],"notice":[131],"patterns":[132],"consistent":[135],"with":[136,284],"expectation.":[138],"3":[140],"who":[148,163],"were":[149],"asked":[150],"different":[153,165,171],"aspects":[154],"pattern":[158,212],"coincidences":[160],"(i.e.":[161],"received":[164],"goals)":[166],"organized":[167],"into":[170],"categories.":[172],"they":[177,281],"did.":[178],"paying":[183],"attention":[184],"goal-relevant":[186],"over":[187],"goal-irrelevant":[188],"information":[189,201,268],"contradicts":[195],"hypothesis":[197],"reflect":[200],"its":[204],"reliability,":[205],"faithfully":[206],"mirroring":[207],"structure":[209],"coincidences.":[214],"Instead,":[215],"supported":[217],"functionalist":[219],"promote":[229],"goal-oriented":[230],"information.":[231],"\r\nThe":[232],"factors":[234],"explored":[235],"in":[236],"these":[237,288],"studies":[239],"allow":[240,294],"form":[243],"autonomously,":[245],"without":[246],"relying":[247],"either":[248],"teacher":[251],"or":[252],"prior":[254],"eventually":[260],"become":[261],"members.":[263],"Indeed,":[264],"wanting":[265],"interpret":[267],"causally":[269],"having":[271],"learning":[272],"goals":[273,293],"both":[275],"independent":[276],"from":[277],"actual":[279],"concern.":[282],"Together":[283],"characteristics":[286],"stimuli,":[289],"however,":[290],"expectations":[291],"organize":[297],"novel":[298],"environments.":[299]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
