{"id":"https://openalex.org/W117889647","doi":"https://doi.org/10.38140/at.v0i7.2089","title":"Snake and staff symbolism and healing","display_name":"Snake and staff symbolism and healing","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-06-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W117889647","doi":"https://doi.org/10.38140/at.v0i7.2089","mag":"117889647","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12197200"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.38140/at.v0i7.2089","doi":"https://doi.org/10.38140/at.v0i7.2089","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.38140/at.v0i7.2089","pdf_url":"https://journals.ufs.ac.za/index.php/at/article/download/2089/2050","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S79873615","display_name":"Acta Theologica","issn_l":"1015-8758","issn":["1015-8758","2309-9089"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["dhet","doaj","erih-plus","jpps-2","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","scielo","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Acta Theologica","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.ufs.ac.za/index.php/at/article/download/2089/2050","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080319894","display_name":"Fran\u00e7ois Retief","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7164-9593","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7164-9593"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26999989","display_name":"University of the Free State","ror":"https://ror.org/009xwd568","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26999989"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francois P. Retief","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of the Free State","Departments of English and Classical Culture, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of the Free State","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26999989"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of English and Classical Culture, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26999989"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018949050","display_name":"Louise C. Cilliers","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26999989","display_name":"University of the Free State","ror":"https://ror.org/009xwd568","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26999989"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Louise Cilliers","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of the Free State"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of the Free State","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26999989"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26999989"],"apc_list":{"value":3000,"currency":"ZAR","value_usd":162},"apc_paid":{"value":3000,"currency":"ZAR","value_usd":162},"fwci":7.5953,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94786307,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"92","issue":"7","first_page":"189","last_page":"199"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12324","display_name":"History of Medicine Studies","score":0.8529999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12324","display_name":"History of Medicine Studies","score":0.8529999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12680","display_name":"Cultural and Mythological Studies","score":0.06539999693632126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1200","display_name":"General Arts and Humanities"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13198","display_name":"Historical, Religious, and Philosophical Studies","score":0.03660000115633011,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snake-symbolism","display_name":"snake symbolism","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/caduceus","display_name":"caduceus","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asclepius","display_name":"Asclepius","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hermes","display_name":"Hermes","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/greek-mythology","display_name":"Greek mythology","score":0.621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heraldry","display_name":"heraldry","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacy","display_name":"pharmacy","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alchemy","display_name":"alchemy","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medieval-symbolism","display_name":"medieval symbolism","score":0.40299999713897705}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10511252","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112110","display_name":"Emblem","level":2,"score":0.9396998882293701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134400042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2372244","display_name":"Symbol (formal)","level":2,"score":0.7251554727554321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.625586211681366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519517224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12827256","display_name":"Mythology","level":2,"score":0.5625980496406555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174468945","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39689","display_name":"Alchemy","level":2,"score":0.5534060597419739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195244886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41493","display_name":"Ancient history","level":1,"score":0.4534074366092682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74916050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841090","display_name":"Classics","level":1,"score":0.4438631236553192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.32397177815437317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.2552664279937744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.2334919273853302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.10353422164916992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004616","descriptor_name":"Emblems and Insignia","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012911","descriptor_name":"Snakes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013561","descriptor_name":"Symbolism","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015510","descriptor_name":"Clinical Medicine","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D049690","descriptor_name":"History, Ancient","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049691","descriptor_name":"History, Medieval","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.38140/at.v0i7.2089","doi":"https://doi.org/10.38140/at.v0i7.2089","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.38140/at.v0i7.2089","pdf_url":"https://journals.ufs.ac.za/index.php/at/article/download/2089/2050","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S79873615","display_name":"Acta Theologica","issn_l":"1015-8758","issn":["1015-8758","2309-9089"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["dhet","doaj","erih-plus","jpps-2","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","scielo","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Acta Theologica","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:12197200","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12197200","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde","raw_type":"Historical Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6eced69ebd3640378fd04c7b6e5696ad","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6eced69ebd3640378fd04c7b6e5696ad","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Acta Theologica, Iss 7 (2005)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"mag:117889647","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12197200","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.38140/at.v0i7.2089","doi":"https://doi.org/10.38140/at.v0i7.2089","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.38140/at.v0i7.2089","pdf_url":"https://journals.ufs.ac.za/index.php/at/article/download/2089/2050","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S79873615","display_name":"Acta Theologica","issn_l":"1015-8758","issn":["1015-8758","2309-9089"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["dhet","doaj","erih-plus","jpps-2","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","scielo","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Acta Theologica","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W117889647.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W117889647.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W615799724","https://openalex.org/W1968734668","https://openalex.org/W2066793355","https://openalex.org/W2426711432","https://openalex.org/W3172769050"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2009225849","https://openalex.org/W2272446497","https://openalex.org/W145745285","https://openalex.org/W2891837639","https://openalex.org/W3142782771","https://openalex.org/W2010669134","https://openalex.org/W2055147945","https://openalex.org/W2020479740","https://openalex.org/W4240966786","https://openalex.org/W2057929447"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Since":[0],"time":[1],"immemorial":[2],"the":[3,27,32,39,63,72,75,97,103,112,119,126,139,153,156,162,181],"snake":[4,17],"has":[5,56],"been":[6,57],"venerated":[7],"as":[8,31,38,74,86,131,148],"an":[9,83],"enigmatic":[10],"creature":[11],"with":[12,26,59],"supernatural":[13],"powers.":[14],"As":[15],"a":[16,145,159],"and":[18,128,136,166,170],"staff":[19],"symbol":[20,160],"it":[21,110,175],"is":[22,51,91,100,176],"also":[23,82,143],"traditionally":[24],"associated":[25,58],"healing":[28,163],"arts,":[29],"either":[30],"single-snake":[33],"emblem":[34,41,55,99],"of":[35,43,77,96,105,115,118,133,150,161],"Asklepios,":[36],"or":[37],"double-snake":[40,98],"(caduceus)":[42],"Hermes.":[44],"The":[45,53,94],"mythological":[46],"basis":[47],"for":[48],"this":[49],"symbolism":[50],"reviewed.":[52],"Asklepian":[54],"health":[60,182],"care":[61,183],"since":[62],"5th":[64],"century":[65],"BC,":[66],"when":[67],"Asklepios":[68],"became":[69,111,158],"accepted":[70],"by":[71],"Greeks":[73],"god":[76],"healing.":[78],"Whether":[79],"he":[80],"was":[81,129],"historical":[84],"figure":[85],"healer":[87],"in":[88,102,168,177,180],"earlier":[89],"ages":[90],"less":[92],"certain.":[93],"origin":[95],"shrouded":[101],"mists":[104],"antiquity.":[106],"In":[107,138],"classical":[108],"times":[109],"herald's":[113],"wand":[114],"Hermes,":[116],"messenger":[117],"gods":[120],"who":[121],"guided":[122],"departed":[123],"souls":[124],"to":[125],"underworld,":[127],"seen":[130],"protector":[132,149],"travellers,":[134],"shepherds":[135],"merchants.":[137],"latter":[140],"capacity":[141],"Hermes":[142],"conveyed":[144],"negative":[146],"connotation":[147],"thieves.":[151],"During":[152],"Middle":[154],"Ages":[155],"caduceus":[157],"sciences":[164],"(pharmacy":[165],"alchemy":[167],"particular),":[169],"today,":[171],"although":[172],"mythologically":[173],"incorrect,":[174],"common":[178],"usage":[179],"field.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
