{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1152473185","doi":null,"title":"Corruption in Oil Revenue Distribution and Conflict in Bayelsa State, Nigeria","display_name":"Corruption in Oil Revenue Distribution and Conflict in Bayelsa State, Nigeria","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1152473185","mag":"1152473185"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu:incmdoc_etd-1001","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/incmdoc_etd/1","pdf_url":"https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/incmdoc_etd/1","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196456","display_name":"DigitalCommons - Kennesaw State University (Kennesaw State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172980758","host_organization_name":"Kennesaw State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172980758"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Doctor of International Conflict Management Dissertations","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/incmdoc_etd/1","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057594589","display_name":"Chux Ibekwe","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chux Ibekwe","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057594589"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11823","display_name":"Natural Resources and Economic Development","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11823","display_name":"Natural Resources and Economic Development","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11042","display_name":"Corruption and Economic Development","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10070","display_name":"Political Conflict and Governance","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oil-revenue-distribution","display_name":"oil revenue distribution","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayelsa-state","display_name":"Bayelsa State","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anti-corruption-agencies","display_name":"anti-corruption agencies","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anti-corruption-legislation","display_name":"anti-corruption legislation","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-oil-companies","display_name":"international oil companies","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-conflict","display_name":"community conflict","score":0.38100001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intercommunal-conflict","display_name":"intercommunal conflict","score":0.5220000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/niger-delta","display_name":"Niger Delta","score":0.5019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corruption-perception","display_name":"corruption perception","score":0.5649999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-curse","display_name":"resource curse","score":0.43700000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poverty-and-unemployment","display_name":"poverty and unemployment","score":0.48399999737739563}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780027415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q524648","display_name":"Language change","level":2,"score":0.6316142678260803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5370005965232849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195487862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850210","display_name":"Revenue","level":2,"score":0.5324636101722717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4294438660144806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4244891107082367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.13977158069610596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13091236352920532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.12517330050468445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu:incmdoc_etd-1001","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/incmdoc_etd/1","pdf_url":"https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/incmdoc_etd/1","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196456","display_name":"DigitalCommons - Kennesaw State University (Kennesaw State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172980758","host_organization_name":"Kennesaw State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172980758"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Doctor of International Conflict Management Dissertations","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.1034.6349","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.1034.6349","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article%3D1001%26context%3Dincmdoc_etd","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:1152473185","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1001&context=incmdoc_etd","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu:incmdoc_etd-1001","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/incmdoc_etd/1","pdf_url":"https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/incmdoc_etd/1","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196456","display_name":"DigitalCommons - Kennesaw State University (Kennesaw State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172980758","host_organization_name":"Kennesaw State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172980758"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Doctor of International Conflict Management Dissertations","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306326","display_name":"United States Institute of Peace","ror":"https://ror.org/00m3wrz48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311540","display_name":"Kennesaw State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00jeqjx33"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315885","display_name":"Australian Government","ror":"https://ror.org/0314h5y94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","ror":"https://ror.org/00snfqn58"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336283","display_name":"National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1152473185.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1152473185.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":104,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W11061311","https://openalex.org/W90970949","https://openalex.org/W140801996","https://openalex.org/W186760121","https://openalex.org/W214826909","https://openalex.org/W250557264","https://openalex.org/W565567415","https://openalex.org/W584509951","https://openalex.org/W586145744","https://openalex.org/W586681490","https://openalex.org/W587163332","https://openalex.org/W588832806","https://openalex.org/W604283999","https://openalex.org/W607032178","https://openalex.org/W646885411","https://openalex.org/W1490947792","https://openalex.org/W1500177785","https://openalex.org/W1512393574","https://openalex.org/W1512611082","https://openalex.org/W1516989693","https://openalex.org/W1523177657","https://openalex.org/W1524529604","https://openalex.org/W1529229380","https://openalex.org/W1582213921","https://openalex.org/W1583085673","https://openalex.org/W1662354317","https://openalex.org/W1684809301","https://openalex.org/W1754456521","https://openalex.org/W1838868188","https://openalex.org/W1855826890","https://openalex.org/W1887475900","https://openalex.org/W1929077066","https://openalex.org/W1967715854","https://openalex.org/W1968459316","https://openalex.org/W1972474624","https://openalex.org/W1975698665","https://openalex.org/W1976089688","https://openalex.org/W1978290974","https://openalex.org/W1978476668","https://openalex.org/W1983126409","https://openalex.org/W1991188736","https://openalex.org/W1993224014","https://openalex.org/W2000059092","https://openalex.org/W2002606375","https://openalex.org/W2004395812","https://openalex.org/W2007215387","https://openalex.org/W2018867919","https://openalex.org/W2020765324","https://openalex.org/W2024135760","https://openalex.org/W2027832732","https://openalex.org/W2028847126","https://openalex.org/W2039678679","https://openalex.org/W2045476427","https://openalex.org/W2046753609","https://openalex.org/W2047921265","https://openalex.org/W2048685526","https://openalex.org/W2050562235","https://openalex.org/W2056403702","https://openalex.org/W2060567110","https://openalex.org/W2061012225","https://openalex.org/W2063599303","https://openalex.org/W2067796076","https://openalex.org/W2072771563","https://openalex.org/W2079505967","https://openalex.org/W2084842880","https://openalex.org/W2085916174","https://openalex.org/W2090092596","https://openalex.org/W2093812260","https://openalex.org/W2100811590","https://openalex.org/W2104198763","https://openalex.org/W2108232910","https://openalex.org/W2113583180","https://openalex.org/W2116368621","https://openalex.org/W2122220116","https://openalex.org/W2124262632","https://openalex.org/W2125199174","https://openalex.org/W2126456070","https://openalex.org/W2126889012","https://openalex.org/W2133179280","https://openalex.org/W2134472446","https://openalex.org/W2150483417","https://openalex.org/W2158025565","https://openalex.org/W2158766100","https://openalex.org/W2160381184","https://openalex.org/W2162040794","https://openalex.org/W2236355948","https://openalex.org/W2262956416","https://openalex.org/W2266283623","https://openalex.org/W2290568430","https://openalex.org/W2322939125","https://openalex.org/W2327306266","https://openalex.org/W2332903904","https://openalex.org/W2473396710","https://openalex.org/W2492196191","https://openalex.org/W2605993359","https://openalex.org/W2802620298","https://openalex.org/W2898953862","https://openalex.org/W2950680031","https://openalex.org/W2999105216","https://openalex.org/W3003657367","https://openalex.org/W3122074090","https://openalex.org/W3122979178","https://openalex.org/W3125505754","https://openalex.org/W3193867805"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2172900842","https://openalex.org/W3086448802","https://openalex.org/W7215199537","https://openalex.org/W7097745612","https://openalex.org/W2257315647","https://openalex.org/W2076979767","https://openalex.org/W171137426","https://openalex.org/W7223020419","https://openalex.org/W2014284470","https://openalex.org/W4407390063"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,24,44],"the":[1,46,52,58,61,72,94,110,119,125,128,137,143,172,188,198,253,297,345,377,392,415,441,446,468,471],"last":[2],"seventeen":[3],"years,":[4],"several":[5],"high":[6,38],"level":[7,39],"government":[8,114,121,139],"officials":[9,33],"in":[10,41,76,84,97,197,203,222,275,291,296,305,406,410,477],"Nigeria":[11],"have":[12,34],"faced":[13],"corruption":[14,40,75,217,327,396],"charges":[15],"totaling":[16],"$22":[17],"trillion":[18],"dollars":[19],"related":[20],"to":[21,70,142,318,383,428],"oil":[22,42,55,77,104,156,173,240,357,370,379],"revenues.":[23],"Bayelsa":[25,85,89,133,204,223,276,306,411,478],"State,":[26],"a":[27,145,332],"Nigerian":[28,113],"state":[29,47,144,207],"that":[30,213,266,326,391],"produces":[31],"oil,":[32],"been":[35],"marked":[36],"with":[37,101,376],"revenue.":[43],"particular,":[45],"faces":[48],"constant":[49],"conflicts":[50,83,196,221,335,341,351,409,476],"among":[51,124],"government,":[53],"multinational":[54,300,356],"corporations,":[56],"and":[57,80,122,151,174,194,201,228,232,269,288,293,303,315,322,338,344,350,355,400,439,452,465,473],"people":[59],"of":[60,82,87,93,112,127,148,155,160,171,181,216,283,310,334,361,366,395,448,450,470],"state.":[62],"Based":[63,225,413],"on":[64,187,226,414,432],"these":[65,311,455],"observations,":[66],"this":[67],"dissertation":[68],"seeks":[69],"understand":[71],"relationship":[73],"between":[74,342,352],"revenue":[78],"redistribution":[79],"perpetuation":[81],"State":[86,90,134],"Nigeria.":[88],"is":[91],"one":[92],"nine":[95],"states":[96,126],"Nigeria\u2019s":[98],"Niger":[99,199],"Delta":[100,200],"abundant":[102],"crude":[103],"deposits.":[105],"Oil":[106],"revenues,":[107,157],"which":[108,257],"constitute":[109],"bulk":[111],"revenue,":[115],"are":[116,164,457],"collected":[117],"by":[118,167],"federal":[120,138],"shared":[123],"federation.":[129],"Since":[130],"1996":[131],"when":[132],"was":[135],"created,":[136],"has":[140,183,328],"allocated":[141],"13%":[146],"derivation,":[147],"excess":[149],"crude,":[150],"statutory":[152],"allocations":[153,163],"share":[154],"worth":[158],"billions":[159],"dollars.":[161],"These":[162],"constantly":[165],"disputed":[166],"many":[168],"local":[169],"stakeholders":[170],"non-oil":[175],"producing":[176],"states.":[177],"This":[178],"large":[179],"amount":[180],"petrol-dollars":[182],"had":[184],"little":[185],"effect":[186],"pervasive":[189],"unemployment,":[190],"poverty,":[191],"environmental":[192],"degradation,":[193],"violent":[195,408,475],"specifically":[202],"State.":[205,224,277,307,412,479],"The":[206,278,308,359],"witnesses":[208],"continued":[209],"conflicts.":[210],"I":[211,263,324,388,417],"argue":[212,265],"people\u2019s":[214],"perceptions":[215],"create":[218],"and/or":[219,330],"perpetuate":[220],"Collier":[227],"Hoeffler\u2019s":[229],"(2005)":[230],"greed":[231],"grievances":[233],"theory,":[234],"those":[235],"who":[236,363],"redistribute":[237],"accruals":[238],"from":[239,369,443],"revenues":[241,371,380],"channel":[242],"public":[243,254],"funds":[244],"for":[245,256],"their":[246,367,373],"private":[247],"gains":[248],"(greed)":[249],"rather":[250],"than":[251],"serving":[252],"interests":[255],"they":[258,459],"were":[259,313,381],"elected":[260],"or":[261],"appointed.":[262],"also":[264,389],"anti-corruption":[267,398,437],"laws":[268,399,427,464],"institutions":[270,401],"do":[271],"not":[272],"prevent":[273],"conflict":[274],"study\u2019s":[279],"methodology":[280],"included":[281],"interviews":[282,312],"Bayelsans,":[284],"focus":[285],"group":[286],"discussions,":[287],"participant":[289],"observation":[290],"oil-bearing":[292],"oil-impacted":[294],"communities":[295,354],"state,":[298],"bureaucrats,":[299],"corporation":[301],"officials,":[302,435],"politicians":[304],"transcripts":[309],"coded":[314],"content":[316],"analyzed":[317],"determine":[319],"dominant":[320],"patterns":[321],"themes.":[323],"found":[325,390],"created":[329],"perpetuated":[331],"host":[333,353],"including":[336],"intra-":[337],"inter-community":[339],"conflicts,":[340],"militants":[343],"government\u2019s":[346],"military":[347],"task":[348],"force,":[349],"corporations.":[358],"majority":[360],"citizens":[362],"feel":[364],"deprived":[365],"benefits":[368],"voiced":[372],"dissatisfaction":[374],"(grievance)":[375],"way":[378],"redistributed":[382],"favor":[384],"very":[385],"few":[386],"Bayelsans.":[387],"perceived":[393],"forms":[394],"weakened":[397],"thus":[402],"rendering":[403],"them":[404],"ineffective":[405],"preventing":[407],"findings,":[416],"put":[418],"forward":[419],"some":[420],"policy":[421],"recommendations":[422,456],"such":[423],"as":[424],"amending":[425],"existing":[426],"include":[429],"life":[430,469],"ban":[431],"convicted":[433],"corrupt":[434],"professionalizing":[436],"agencies,":[438],"restricting":[440],"president":[442],"unilaterally":[444],"determining":[445],"dismissal":[447],"chairpersons":[449],"EFCC":[451],"ICPC.":[453],"If":[454],"adopted,":[458],"will":[460],"curb":[461],"corruption,":[462],"strengthen":[463],"institutions,":[466],"improve":[467],"people,":[472],"reduce":[474]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
