{"id":"https://openalex.org/W114951729","doi":null,"title":"The effects of high intensity visible and ultraviolet light on the death of microorganisms.","display_name":"The effects of high intensity visible and ultraviolet light on the death of microorganisms.","publication_year":1969,"publication_date":"1969-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W114951729","mag":"114951729","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11949681"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:11949681","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11949681","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Life sciences and space research","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033610253","display_name":"C. O. Chichester","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C O Chichester","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Davis, California, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Davis, California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080423334","display_name":"W. Andrew Maxwell","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W A Maxwell","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7335,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65619924,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"11","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10957","display_name":"Photodynamic Therapy Research Studies","score":0.9150000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1306","display_name":"Cancer Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10957","display_name":"Photodynamic Therapy Research Studies","score":0.9150000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1306","display_name":"Cancer Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11359","display_name":"Effects of Radiation Exposure","score":0.03319999948143959,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11455","display_name":"Microbial Inactivation Methods","score":0.015799999237060547,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1305","display_name":"Biotechnology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultraviolet-radiation","display_name":"ultraviolet radiation","score":0.6150000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visible-light","display_name":"visible light","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microbial-inactivation","display_name":"microbial inactivation","score":0.6370000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rhodotorula-glutinis","display_name":"Rhodotorula glutinis","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photosensitized-oxidation","display_name":"photosensitized oxidation","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carotenoids","display_name":"carotenoids","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/action-spectrum","display_name":"action spectrum","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mutagenesis","display_name":"mutagenesis","score":0.6520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-damage","display_name":"nuclear damage","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/membrane-permeability","display_name":"membrane permeability","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respiration-inhibition","display_name":"respiration inhibition","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-radicals","display_name":"free radicals","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cysteine","display_name":"cysteine","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glutathione","display_name":"glutathione","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tocopherols","display_name":"tocopherols","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space-environment","display_name":"space environment","score":0.4300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dehydration","display_name":"dehydration","score":0.39100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radioresistance-biology","display_name":"radioresistance (biology)","score":0.45399999618530273}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12530168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677424","display_name":"Action spectrum","level":2,"score":0.7294087409973145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12554922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7100","display_name":"Biophysics","level":1,"score":0.594563901424408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175605896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39833","display_name":"Microorganism","level":3,"score":0.551393985748291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111337013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2737837","display_name":"Irradiation","level":2,"score":0.5481151342391968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779222958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45422","display_name":"Yeast","level":2,"score":0.5111067891120911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104663316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76299","display_name":"Visible spectrum","level":2,"score":0.475768506526947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.45009949803352356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16613235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285982","display_name":"Endogeny","level":2,"score":0.4397476017475128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31573885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q304484","display_name":"Programmed cell death","level":3,"score":0.4361562132835388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4173554480075836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.39772525429725647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.3704795837402344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.324232280254364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.1586422324180603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.1242588460445404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190283241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14599311","display_name":"Apoptosis","level":2,"score":0.11295673251152039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.10741186141967773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185544564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197","display_name":"Nuclear physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002338","descriptor_name":"Carotenoids","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003545","descriptor_name":"Cysteine","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005609","descriptor_name":"Free Radicals","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008027","descriptor_name":"Light","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010101","descriptor_name":"Oxygen Consumption","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010775","descriptor_name":"Photic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012248","descriptor_name":"Rhodotorula","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012248","descriptor_name":"Rhodotorula","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012248","descriptor_name":"Rhodotorula","qualifier_ui":"Q000528","qualifier_name":"radiation effects","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:11949681","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11949681","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Life sciences and space research","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:114951729","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11949681","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:2550124095","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/4733953-effects-high-intensity-visible-ultraviolet-light-death-microorganisms","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2061187067","https://openalex.org/W2065936960","https://openalex.org/W2402539852","https://openalex.org/W2045504356","https://openalex.org/W2133902346","https://openalex.org/W1990113473","https://openalex.org/W2399414918","https://openalex.org/W2008668866","https://openalex.org/W2033333162","https://openalex.org/W2077439891"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,29,97,119,211,229],"expectation":[1],"that":[2,44,200,266,295,309],"microorganisms":[3,25],"would":[4,293,323],"be":[5,54,123,208,215,301,317],"exposed":[6],"to":[7,18,122,189,197,224,248,264,280,328],"very":[8],"high":[9],"visible":[10,27],"light":[11,136,147],"intensity":[12],"in":[13,159,192,302,319,337],"a":[14,128,186,216,227,271,320],"space":[15],"environment":[16,322],"led":[17],"the":[19,22,37,46,50,61,79,90,100,141,160,180,190,202,239,250,256,267,281,296,303,312],"investigation":[20],"of":[21,24,36,49,63,81,85,87,99,148,162,168,179,237,258,311],"killing":[23],"by":[26,56,92,127,255,283],"light.":[28],"carotenoid-containing":[30],"yeast":[31],"Rhodotorula":[32],"glutinis":[33],"was":[34,42,76],"one":[35],"several":[38],"organisms":[39,251],"investigated.":[40],"It":[41,306],"found":[43],"despite":[45],"carotenoid":[47],"content":[48],"organism":[51],"it":[52,206,261],"can":[53],"killed":[55],"endogenous":[57],"photosensitized":[58],"oxidation.":[59],"While":[60],"effects":[62],"various":[64],"parameters":[65],"such":[66,226,286,314],"as":[67,125,287,315],"culture":[68],"age,":[69],"temperature,":[70],"etc.,":[71],"were":[72,133],"studied,":[73],"particular":[74],"emphasis":[75],"placed":[77],"upon":[78,331],"development":[80],"action":[82,88],"spectrum,":[83],"determination":[84],"sites":[86],"and":[89,108,219,233,289],"mechanism":[91],"which":[93],"cells":[94,132,155,170,181,198,240,313],"are":[95,235,246],"killed.":[96],"portion":[98],"spectrum":[101],"responsible":[102],"for":[103],"lethality":[104],"lies":[105],"between":[106],"300":[107,138],"400":[109],"nm":[110],"with":[111,135],"an":[112],"apparent":[113],"maximum":[114],"response":[115],"around":[116],"390":[117],"nm.":[118,139],"nucleus":[120],"appeared":[121],"damaged,":[124],"evidenced":[126],"mutagenic":[129,144],"effect":[130],"when":[131,154],"radiated":[134],"above":[137],"Previously":[140],"only":[142],"reported":[143],"responses":[145],"from":[146,241,252],"these":[149,244],"wavelengths":[150],"have":[151,156,174],"been":[152,157,222],"noted":[153],"irradiated":[158,169],"presence":[161],"added":[163],"sensitizing":[164,212],"dyes.":[165],"Increased":[166],"leakage":[167],"indicated":[171],"permeability":[172],"membranes":[173],"undergone":[175],"damage.":[176],"Overall":[177],"respiration":[178],"is":[182,262,270,278,307],"also":[183,335],"decreased":[184],"at":[185],"rate":[187],"corresponding":[188],"loss":[191],"viability.":[193],"Such":[194],"random":[195],"damage":[196],"indicates":[199],"whatever":[201],"damaging":[203,268],"species":[204,269],"is,":[205],"must":[207,300],"quite":[209],"non-specific.":[210],"agent":[213],"could":[214,316,334],"free":[217,259,272],"radical":[218],"evidence":[220],"has":[221],"developed":[223],"support":[225],"proposal.":[228],"sulfhydryl-containing":[230],"compounds":[231,245],"cysteine":[232],"gluthathione":[234],"capable":[236],"protecting":[238],"death.":[242],"Since":[243],"known":[247],"protect":[249],"ionizing":[253],"radiation":[254],"trapping":[257],"radicals,":[260],"logical":[263],"presume":[265],"radical.":[273],"Little":[274],"or":[275],"no":[276],"protection":[277],"offered":[279],"microorganism":[282],"fat-soluble":[284],"antioxidants":[285],"tocopherol":[288],"related":[290],"species.":[291],"This":[292],"indicate":[294],"primary":[297],"lethal":[298],"site":[299],"water":[304],"phase.":[305],"likely":[308],"dehydration":[310,333],"expected":[318],"spacial":[321],"initially":[324],"increase":[325],"their":[326,338],"susceptibility":[327],"irradiation,":[329],"but":[330],"intense":[332],"result":[336],"increased":[339],"resistance.":[340]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}