{"id":"https://openalex.org/W11458546","doi":null,"title":"Mechanisms of action of slow-acting drugs in rheumatoid arthritis.","display_name":"Mechanisms of action of slow-acting drugs in rheumatoid arthritis.","publication_year":1989,"publication_date":"1989-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W11458546","mag":"11458546","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2575024"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:2575024","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2575024","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical and experimental rheumatology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043874873","display_name":"Peter E. Lipsky","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9287-1676","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9287-1676"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I867280407","display_name":"The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05byvp690","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"P E Lipsky","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043874873"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3784,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5749816,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"7 Suppl 3","issue":null,"first_page":"S177","last_page":"80"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10200","display_name":"Rheumatoid Arthritis Research and Therapies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2745","display_name":"Rheumatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10200","display_name":"Rheumatoid Arthritis Research and Therapies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2745","display_name":"Rheumatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13026","display_name":"Natural Compounds in Disease Treatment","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2707","display_name":"Complementary and alternative medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11616","display_name":"Autoimmune and Inflammatory Disorders Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2720","display_name":"Hematology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slow-acting-drugs","display_name":"slow-acting drugs","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rheumatoid-arthritis","display_name":"rheumatoid arthritis","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanism-of-action","display_name":"mechanism of action","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunosuppression","display_name":"immunosuppression","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gold-compounds","display_name":"gold compounds","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antimalarial-drugs","display_name":"antimalarial drugs","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/penicillamine","display_name":"D-penicillamine","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mononuclear-phagocytes","display_name":"mononuclear phagocytes","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/t-helper-cells","display_name":"T helper cells","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-inflammation","display_name":"chronic inflammation","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-response","display_name":"immune response","score":0.47200000286102295}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777575956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187255","display_name":"Rheumatoid arthritis","level":2,"score":0.9068806767463684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9016244411468506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779348387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421239","display_name":"Penicillamine","level":2,"score":0.605333685874939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780035454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386","display_name":"Drug","level":2,"score":0.5697277784347534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121587506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888113","display_name":"Mode of action","level":2,"score":0.5481857657432556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776914184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101991","display_name":"Inflammation","level":2,"score":0.5313601493835449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.5287843346595764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.4953845739364624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776120743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3271540","display_name":"Mechanism of action","level":3,"score":0.4942800998687744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780570811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2736147","display_name":"Gold salts","level":3,"score":0.4546320140361786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777077863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170990","display_name":"Arthritis","level":2,"score":0.4493626654148102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.39094898104667664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202751555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681","display_name":"In vitro","level":2,"score":0.31521040201187134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.17351356148719788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000894","descriptor_name":"Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000962","descriptor_name":"Antimalarials","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001172","descriptor_name":"Arthritis, Rheumatoid","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006377","descriptor_name":"T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007166","descriptor_name":"Immunosuppressive Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010396","descriptor_name":"Penicillamine","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010586","descriptor_name":"Phagocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018501","descriptor_name":"Antirheumatic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D050607","descriptor_name":"Organogold Compounds","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:2575024","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2575024","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical and experimental rheumatology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:11458546","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2575024","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9391000270843506}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2085867374","https://openalex.org/W203187590","https://openalex.org/W195248455","https://openalex.org/W16628677","https://openalex.org/W1966421860","https://openalex.org/W2468971023","https://openalex.org/W2413190608","https://openalex.org/W2475226095","https://openalex.org/W2015917662","https://openalex.org/W2402678713"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Slow-acting":[0],"anti-rheumatic":[1],"drugs":[2],"exhibit":[3],"a":[4,18],"number":[5],"of":[6,21,29,35,65,67,80,93,109,118],"similar":[7],"properties":[8],"in":[9,23,48],"treated":[10],"patients":[11],"that":[12,14,33,42,113],"suggest":[13],"they":[15],"may":[16,43,99],"have":[17],"common":[19],"mode":[20],"action":[22,31,66],"rheumatoid":[24,49,119],"arthritis.":[25,50,120],"In":[26],"vitro":[27],"evaluation":[28],"drug":[30],"suggests":[32],"each":[34],"the":[36,63,75,78,91,110,115],"slow-acting":[37,88],"agents":[38,54,69,89,98],"possesses":[39],"immunosuppressive":[40],"activity":[41,79,92],"explain":[44],"its":[45],"therapeutic":[46],"efficacy":[47],"Even":[51],"though":[52],"these":[53,68],"appear":[55],"to":[56,59],"be":[57,101],"able":[58],"suppress":[60,77],"immune":[61],"responses,":[62],"site":[64],"differs.":[70],"Thus,":[71],"gold":[72],"compounds":[73],"and":[74,85],"antimalarials":[76],"mononuclear":[81],"phagocytes,":[82],"whereas":[83],"D-penicillamine":[84],"other":[86],"thiol-containing":[87],"inhibit":[90],"helper":[94],"T":[95],"cells.":[96],"These":[97],"therefore":[100],"effective":[102],"by":[103],"interfering":[104],"with":[105],"various":[106],"specific":[107],"aspects":[108],"immunologic":[111],"reactivity":[112],"drives":[114],"chronic":[116],"inflammation":[117]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}