{"id":"https://openalex.org/W114338127","doi":null,"title":"Linking patterns in elk aggregation and brucellosis to variation in group size, land use, climate and wolves","display_name":"Linking patterns in elk aggregation and brucellosis to variation in group size, land use, climate and wolves","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W114338127","mag":"114338127"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.montana.edu:1/3338","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/3338","pdf_url":"https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/3338","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402563","display_name":"Montana State University ScholarWorks (Montana State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I23732399","host_organization_name":"Montana State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23732399"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Dissertation"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/3338","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078413380","display_name":"Angela Lynn Brennan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Angela Lynn Brennan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078413380"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"179"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11899","display_name":"Brucella: diagnosis, epidemiology, treatment","score":0.5586000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11899","display_name":"Brucella: diagnosis, epidemiology, treatment","score":0.5586000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10199","display_name":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","score":0.3513000011444092,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13388","display_name":"Rangeland and Wildlife Management","score":0.0723000019788742,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brucellosis","display_name":"brucellosis","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/greater-yellowstone-area","display_name":"Greater Yellowstone","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use","display_name":"land use","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snow-accumulation","display_name":"snow accumulation","score":0.5389999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predation-risk","display_name":"predation risk","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-invasive-monitoring","display_name":"non-invasive monitoring","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease-transmission","display_name":"disease transmission","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerial-survey","display_name":"aerial survey","score":0.48899999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forecast-uncertainty","display_name":"forecast uncertainty","score":0.5519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/habitat-openness","display_name":"habitat openness","score":0.4830000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/irrigated-land","display_name":"irrigated land","score":0.7649999856948853}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781429187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156050","display_name":"Brucellosis","level":2,"score":0.7662581205368042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.5927457809448242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.5741240382194519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781311116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83306","display_name":"Group (periodic table)","level":2,"score":0.4106355905532837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.4025129973888397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.23665747046470642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.10278394818305969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09342899918556213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.09091246128082275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.montana.edu:1/3338","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/3338","pdf_url":"https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/3338","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402563","display_name":"Montana State University ScholarWorks (Montana State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I23732399","host_organization_name":"Montana State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23732399"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Dissertation"},{"id":"mag:114338127","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/3338","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.montana.edu:1/3338","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/3338","pdf_url":"https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/3338","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402563","display_name":"Montana State University ScholarWorks (Montana State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I23732399","host_organization_name":"Montana State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23732399"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Dissertation"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life on land","score":0.7605999708175659,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8016395626","display_name":"Collaborative Research: Effects of land-use, predation and management on wildlife contact and Brucella transmission in the Yellowstone Ecosystem","funder_award_id":"1067129","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332183","display_name":"U.S. Geological Survey","ror":"https://ror.org/035a68863"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W114338127.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W114338127.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":106,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3768090","https://openalex.org/W29060159","https://openalex.org/W42052377","https://openalex.org/W51550398","https://openalex.org/W159548541","https://openalex.org/W647763269","https://openalex.org/W1493653825","https://openalex.org/W1517555081","https://openalex.org/W1537506907","https://openalex.org/W1821253241","https://openalex.org/W1963746649","https://openalex.org/W1965451246","https://openalex.org/W1966515136","https://openalex.org/W1969332214","https://openalex.org/W1969915566","https://openalex.org/W1970251344","https://openalex.org/W1977680878","https://openalex.org/W1980877925","https://openalex.org/W1981457167","https://openalex.org/W1981816057","https://openalex.org/W1982991163","https://openalex.org/W1984540140","https://openalex.org/W1984585053","https://openalex.org/W1985504296","https://openalex.org/W1985580772","https://openalex.org/W1998046114","https://openalex.org/W1998617772","https://openalex.org/W1998972362","https://openalex.org/W2004191665","https://openalex.org/W2008499421","https://openalex.org/W2008720742","https://openalex.org/W2008778442","https://openalex.org/W2010189671","https://openalex.org/W2012654129","https://openalex.org/W2017160210","https://openalex.org/W2021343386","https://openalex.org/W2024317831","https://openalex.org/W2024497813","https://openalex.org/W2026128435","https://openalex.org/W2026156015","https://openalex.org/W2027673934","https://openalex.org/W2027735272","https://openalex.org/W2031557797","https://openalex.org/W2034776629","https://openalex.org/W2036032079","https://openalex.org/W2036654876","https://openalex.org/W2043068801","https://openalex.org/W2043793067","https://openalex.org/W2045221675","https://openalex.org/W2048202602","https://openalex.org/W2048315110","https://openalex.org/W2050148283","https://openalex.org/W2054756652","https://openalex.org/W2057486620","https://openalex.org/W2057584663","https://openalex.org/W2057593449","https://openalex.org/W2059433353","https://openalex.org/W2061215334","https://openalex.org/W2067081982","https://openalex.org/W2068113952","https://openalex.org/W2068443566","https://openalex.org/W2073245080","https://openalex.org/W2082874431","https://openalex.org/W2083135395","https://openalex.org/W2089359805","https://openalex.org/W2092932590","https://openalex.org/W2097375647","https://openalex.org/W2099913578","https://openalex.org/W2101255601","https://openalex.org/W2102386709","https://openalex.org/W2102994598","https://openalex.org/W2103352415","https://openalex.org/W2111705894","https://openalex.org/W2111787212","https://openalex.org/W2116052220","https://openalex.org/W2124624900","https://openalex.org/W2124969378","https://openalex.org/W2129482797","https://openalex.org/W2134714336","https://openalex.org/W2138179759","https://openalex.org/W2138899304","https://openalex.org/W2139824083","https://openalex.org/W2141004642","https://openalex.org/W2146311541","https://openalex.org/W2148348477","https://openalex.org/W2151881607","https://openalex.org/W2152660928","https://openalex.org/W2153359844","https://openalex.org/W2155750040","https://openalex.org/W2157553286","https://openalex.org/W2158443252","https://openalex.org/W2167041577","https://openalex.org/W2170988136","https://openalex.org/W2179006756","https://openalex.org/W2180976921","https://openalex.org/W2182834623","https://openalex.org/W2313309443","https://openalex.org/W2314255691","https://openalex.org/W2316143787","https://openalex.org/W2321757178","https://openalex.org/W2328221536","https://openalex.org/W2329598169","https://openalex.org/W2582743722","https://openalex.org/W2995171859","https://openalex.org/W4237374278","https://openalex.org/W4388322344"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2045248958","https://openalex.org/W2067081982","https://openalex.org/W1795424398","https://openalex.org/W2097375647","https://openalex.org/W159548541","https://openalex.org/W2991223474","https://openalex.org/W2017160210","https://openalex.org/W1537672402","https://openalex.org/W7100288123","https://openalex.org/W7220123194"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"data":[1,73],"suggest":[2,263],"that":[3,14,147,159,173,264,297],"elk":[4,22,32,46,64,87,104,113,198,269],"were":[5,162,176,190],"the":[6,15,19,24,29,44,56,92,109,140,143,155,183,193,204,239,251,315,329],"source":[7],"of":[8,31,42,71,77,96,103,121,142,154,168,195,206,213,268,314,331],"brucellosis":[9,51,59,99,148,278],"outbreaks":[10],"in":[11,21,58,98,139,152,192,211,254,277,295],"cattle":[12],"and":[13,38,74,89,100,115,124,158,181,237,292,322],"disease":[16,294],"is":[17,35,325],"on":[18,136,178,197,309,334],"rise":[20],"across":[23,84],"Greater":[25],"Yellowstone":[26],"Area.":[27],"As":[28],"distribution":[30,318],"group":[33,82,137,174,316],"sizes":[34,83,138,175],"often":[36],"right-skewed":[37],"spans":[39],"several":[40],"orders":[41],"magnitude,":[43],"largest":[45],"groups":[47,114],"may":[48,283,304],"be":[49,61,284,290,305],"driving":[50],"dynamics.":[52],"To":[53,127],"investigate":[54],"whether":[55],"increases":[57,161],"could":[60,222],"explained":[62],"by":[63,300],"grouping":[65,199,301],"patterns,":[66],"we":[67,90,130,189,201,228],"examined":[68,108,203],"21":[69],"years":[70,76],"serologic":[72],"three":[75],"aerial":[78],"surveys":[79,236],"to":[80,134,165,274,289,307,319,327],"record":[81],"10":[85,156],"wintering":[86],"populations,":[88,157],"evaluated":[91],"relationships":[93,110],"between":[94,111],"rates":[95],"increase":[97],"seven":[101],"measures":[102,167,267],"aggregation.":[105,169],"We":[106,145,170,216],"also":[107,171,202],"large":[112],"land":[116,180],"use,":[117],"habitat":[118,184],"conditions,":[119],"levels":[120],"predation":[122],"risk,":[123],"snow":[125,196,208],"accumulation.":[126],"do":[128],"this,":[129],"used":[131,249],"quantile":[132],"regression":[133],"focus":[135,308],"tail":[141],"distribution.":[144],"found":[146,172,217,238],"increased":[149],"over":[150,279],"time":[151],"eight":[153],"these":[160],"positively":[163],"related":[164],"all":[166],"larger":[177],"irrigated":[179],"as":[182,340],"got":[185],"more":[186,285,310],"open.":[187],"Because":[188],"interested":[191],"effects":[194],"behavior,":[200],"consequences":[205],"using":[207,337],"model":[209,219,338],"predictions":[210,339],"place":[212],"direct":[214],"measurements.":[215],"substantial":[218],"prediction":[220,332],"uncertainty":[221,333],"directly":[223],"impact":[224],"our":[225,261],"inferences.":[226],"Lastly,":[227],"tested":[229],"a":[230,242],"noninvasive":[231],"tool":[232],"for":[233,245],"conducting":[234],"wolf":[235],"method":[240],"was":[241],"poor":[243],"substitute":[244],"other":[246],"techniques":[247],"currently":[248],"during":[250],"winter,":[252],"particularly":[253],"areas":[255],"where":[256],"pack":[257],"territories":[258],"overlap.":[259],"Overall,":[260],"findings":[262],"(i)":[265],"most":[266],"aggregation":[270],"had":[271],"similar":[272],"utility":[273],"predict":[275],"changes":[276],"time,":[280],"(ii)":[281],"there":[282],"than":[286,311],"one":[287,312],"way":[288],"dense":[291],"spread":[293],"populations":[296],"are":[298],"structured":[299],"(iii)":[302],"it":[303,324],"important":[306,326],"metric":[313],"size":[317],"inform":[320],"management,":[321],"(iv)":[323],"consider":[328],"implications":[330],"inferences":[335],"when":[336],"explanatory":[341],"variables.":[342]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}