{"id":"https://openalex.org/W114060967","doi":null,"title":"Crohn's disease: the case for bacteria.","display_name":"Crohn's disease: the case for bacteria.","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W114060967","mag":"114060967","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10379488"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:10379488","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10379488","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Italian journal of gastroenterology and hepatology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067834015","display_name":"Cosimo Prantera","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136185","display_name":"Ospedale Regina Margherita","ror":"https://ror.org/04e857469","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136185"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C Prantera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Gastroenterology, Nuovo Regina Margherita Hospital, Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Gastroenterology, Nuovo Regina Margherita Hospital, Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136185"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032304413","display_name":"Maria Lia Scribano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1839-8136","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1839-8136"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M L Scribano","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1887,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86254803,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"3","first_page":"244","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10134","display_name":"Inflammatory Bowel Disease","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2715","display_name":"Gastroenterology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10134","display_name":"Inflammatory Bowel Disease","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2715","display_name":"Gastroenterology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10066","display_name":"Gut microbiota and health","score":0.004800000227987766,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11316","display_name":"Mycobacterium research and diagnosis","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crohn-s-disease","display_name":"Crohn's disease","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mycobacteria","display_name":"mycobacteria","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bacterial-etiology","display_name":"bacterial etiology","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/germ-free-animals","display_name":"germ-free animals","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intestinal-inflammation","display_name":"intestinal inflammation","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/luminal-contents","display_name":"luminal contents","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antibiotics","display_name":"antibiotics","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bradford-hill-criteria","display_name":"Bradford Hill criteria","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/helicobacter-pylori","display_name":"Helicobacter pylori","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peptic-ulcer","display_name":"peptic ulcer","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commensal-bacteria","display_name":"commensal bacteria","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gut-microbiota","display_name":"gut microbiota","score":0.5410000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-susceptibility","display_name":"genetic susceptibility","score":0.6179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-intestinal-inflammation","display_name":"chronic intestinal inflammation","score":0.6340000033378601}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.7699734568595886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779280984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1472","display_name":"Crohn's disease","level":3,"score":0.7541277408599854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7388647198677063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501593827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12187","display_name":"Antibiotics","level":2,"score":0.4726523458957672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778260677","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q917447","display_name":"Inflammatory bowel disease","level":3,"score":0.47254514694213867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.46187615394592285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778883795","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q804517","display_name":"Pathogenic bacteria","level":3,"score":0.4478800296783447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780941987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3796380","display_name":"Ileitis","level":4,"score":0.44237324595451355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.4378376007080078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777234453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2033092","display_name":"Flora (microbiology)","level":3,"score":0.413273423910141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.2755430340766907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.16321423649787903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.16285574436187744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003424","descriptor_name":"Crohn Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010283","descriptor_name":"Paratuberculosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010283","descriptor_name":"Paratuberculosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016927","descriptor_name":"Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000302","qualifier_name":"isolation & purification","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018570","descriptor_name":"Risk Assessment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:10379488","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10379488","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Italian journal of gastroenterology and hepatology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:114060967","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10379488","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9763000011444092}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2511018479","https://openalex.org/W2161728762","https://openalex.org/W3148313593","https://openalex.org/W1971287918","https://openalex.org/W2027746710","https://openalex.org/W2147604667","https://openalex.org/W2042731279","https://openalex.org/W2255550953","https://openalex.org/W3144492345","https://openalex.org/W1992764470"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"At":[0],"the":[1,33,65,92,167,185],"present":[2],"time,":[3],"there":[4],"is":[5,12,44,79,181],"no":[6],"convincing":[7],"indication":[8],"that":[9,29,182],"Crohn's":[10,42,75,95,125,155],"disease":[11,43,156],"a":[13,55,104,120,142,148],"bacterial":[14],"disease,":[15],"although":[16],"an":[17,38],"association":[18],"with":[19],"mycobacteria":[20,123],"has":[21],"been":[22],"hypothesised":[23],"for":[24,81,107,116,151],"many":[25],"years.":[26],"The":[27],"hypothesis":[28],"bacteria":[30,63,152,164],"could":[31,165,189],"be":[32,114],"cause,":[34],"or":[35,118,161],"at":[36],"least":[37],"important":[39],"concause":[40],"of":[41,67,94,184],"supported":[45],"by":[46],"several":[47],"experimental":[48],"and":[49,69,110,124,134,158],"clinical":[50],"observations:":[51],"animals":[52],"kept":[53],"in":[54,91,153,175],"germ-free":[56],"environment":[57],"fail":[58],"to":[59,74,102,140,171],"develop":[60],"intestinal":[61,71,173,187],"inflammation;":[62],"are":[64,88,136],"cause":[66],"human":[68],"animal":[70],"diseases":[72],"similar":[73],"disease;":[76],"luminal":[77],"content":[78],"necessary":[80],"causing":[82,154],"gut":[83],"lesions;":[84],"and,":[85],"moreover,":[86],"antibiotics":[87],"successfully":[89],"used":[90,101],"treatment":[93],"disease.":[96,126],"Bradford":[97],"Hill":[98],"criteria":[99],"recently":[100],"assess":[103],"causal":[105],"relationship":[106],"Helicobacter":[108],"pylori":[109],"peptic":[111],"ulcer":[112],"can":[113],"applied":[115],"establishing":[117],"excluding":[119],"causality":[121],"between":[122],"Of":[127],"these":[128],"criteria,":[129],"only":[130],"biological":[131],"plausibility,":[132],"coherence":[133],"analogy":[135],"satisfied.":[137],"However,":[138],"failure":[139],"identify":[141],"specific":[143],"pathogen":[144],"does":[145],"not":[146],"exclude":[147],"possible":[149],"role":[150],"lesions":[157],"symptoms.":[159],"Pathogenic":[160],"commensal":[162],"enteric":[163],"overinfect":[166],"primary":[168],"lesions,":[169],"leading":[170],"chronic":[172],"inflammation":[174],"genetically":[176],"susceptible":[177],"hosts.":[178],"Another":[179],"possibility":[180],"components":[183],"normal":[186],"flora":[188],"acquire":[190],"pathogenic":[191],"characteristics.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
