{"id":"https://openalex.org/W113608340","doi":null,"title":"Observations on RISKS and Risks.","display_name":"Observations on RISKS and Risks.","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W113608340","mag":"113608340"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:bibcyt.ucla.edu.ve:T070300004385/15","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://bibcyt.ucla.edu.ve/cgi-win/be_alex.exe?Acceso=T070300004385/15&Nombrebd=Bciucla","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064187","display_name":"UCLA - Biblioteca de Ciencias y Tecnologia Felix Morales Bueno","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I19325673","host_organization_name":"Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19325673"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017603890","display_name":"Richard I. Cook","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Richard I. Cook","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017603890"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0867,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81331702,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":null,"first_page":"122","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.5756999850273132,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.5756999850273132,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11024","display_name":"Information Systems Theories and Implementation","score":0.09690000116825104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11357","display_name":"Risk and Safety Analysis","score":0.09189999848604202,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-system-failures","display_name":"computer system failures","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-human-interface","display_name":"computer-human interface","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complex-systems","display_name":"complex systems","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technological-obsolescence","display_name":"technological obsolescence","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operator-skill","display_name":"operator skill","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-technology-adoption","display_name":"information technology adoption","score":0.5080000162124634}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.5760312676429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4415688216686249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3399600684642792}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:bibcyt.ucla.edu.ve:T070300004385/15","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://bibcyt.ucla.edu.ve/cgi-win/be_alex.exe?Acceso=T070300004385/15&Nombrebd=Bciucla","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064187","display_name":"UCLA - Biblioteca de Ciencias y Tecnologia Felix Morales Bueno","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I19325673","host_organization_name":"Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19325673"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:113608340","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm40.html#Cook97","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103482838","display_name":"Communications of the ACM","issn_l":"0001-0782","issn":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","fnege-3","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Communications of the ACM","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4292909395","https://openalex.org/W4231546353","https://openalex.org/W2087837689","https://openalex.org/W4233865566","https://openalex.org/W4284681845","https://openalex.org/W2009620952","https://openalex.org/W3007529856","https://openalex.org/W561112839","https://openalex.org/W944863744","https://openalex.org/W2054376361"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,121],"online":[1],"RISKS":[2],"newsgroup":[3],"contains":[4],"diverse":[5],"reports":[6,15],"of":[7,73,123],"computer-related":[8],"system":[9],"failures.":[10],"Regular":[11],"readers":[12,54],"recognize":[13],"that":[14,127],"are":[16,37],"punctuated":[17],"by":[18],"commentary":[19],"form":[20],"people":[21],"with":[22,26,64],"widely":[23],"divergent":[24],"views--often":[25],"specialized":[27],"expertise.":[28],"There":[29],"is":[30],"a":[31,43],"certain":[32],"etiquette":[33],"for":[34],"commentaries.":[35],"They":[36,41],"specific":[38],"and":[39,50,69,97],"terse.":[40],"address":[42],"side":[44],"audience,":[45],"eschew":[46],"narrow":[47],"technical":[48],"language,":[49],"do":[51],"not":[52],"assume":[53],"have":[55],"domain":[56],"knowledge.":[57],"Three":[58],"main":[59],"themes":[60],"recur:":[61],"risks":[62],"associated":[63],"security,":[65],"the":[66,70,81,94,104,111,118],"computer-human":[67],"interface,":[68],"inherent":[71],"vulnerability":[72],"large":[74],"technologically":[75],"based":[76],"system--what":[77],"might":[78],"be":[79,130],"called":[80],"complex-system":[82],"issue.":[83],"As":[84],"complex":[85],"information":[86],"technology":[87,106,114],"replaces":[88],"more":[89],"manual":[90,112],"way":[91],"doing":[92],"things,":[93],"old":[95,119],"tools":[96],"operator":[98],"skills":[99],"disappear.":[100],"Rather":[101],"than":[102],"using":[103],"new":[105],"to":[107,116,132],"complement":[108],"or":[109],"extend":[110],"systems,":[113],"tends":[115],"supplant":[117],"ways.":[120],"cost":[122],"these":[124],"systems":[125],"demands":[126],"predecessor":[128],"approaches":[129],"allowed":[131],"fall":[133],"into":[134],"disuse.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-02T07:38:04.252551","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
