{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1132245","doi":null,"title":"The Demand for and Impact of Learning HIV Status: Evidence from a Field Experiment","display_name":"The Demand for and Impact of Learning HIV Status: Evidence from a Field Experiment","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-08-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1132245","mag":"1132245"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.317.7477","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.317.7477","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.sarpn.org/documents/d0001905/HIV_Testing_Thornton_Nov2005.pdf","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015014002","display_name":"Rebecca L Thornton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4717-7220","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4717-7220"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rebecca Thornton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132992914","display_name":"Michael Kremer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Kremer","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5141489826","display_name":"David Laibson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Laibson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Sendhil Mullainathan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sendhil Mullainathan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091180890","display_name":"Ben Olken","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ben Olken","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5142715400","display_name":"Emily Oster","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emily Oster","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024063703","display_name":"Michelle J. Poulin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5313-2395","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5313-2395"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michelle Poulin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5150976316","display_name":"Mark Rosenzweig","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Rosenzweig","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015014002"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.8556,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":78,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93338719,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10082","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10082","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14334","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses","score":0.004600000102072954,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11860","display_name":"HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk","score":0.002199999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-testing","display_name":"HIV testing","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-status-disclosure","display_name":"HIV status disclosure","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-incentives","display_name":"financial incentives","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-prevention","display_name":"HIV prevention","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-infection-model","display_name":"HIV infection model","score":0.31700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sexual-behavior","display_name":"sexual behavior","score":0.3889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-malawi","display_name":"rural Malawi","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-counseling-and-testing","display_name":"HIV counseling and testing","score":0.5730000138282776}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.8476278781890869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3013748606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15787","display_name":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)","level":2,"score":0.4905044436454773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83864248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177323","display_name":"Developing country","level":2,"score":0.48966744542121887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4764576256275177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14262774","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4880695","display_name":"Behavior change","level":2,"score":0.4192972779273987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3782496154308319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3427283763885498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.2762407064437866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2641197443008423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.16276681423187256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.10122498869895935}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.317.7477","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.317.7477","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.sarpn.org/documents/d0001905/HIV_Testing_Thornton_Nov2005.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Randomized Controlled Trial","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/randomized-controlled-trial"},{"display_name":"Clinical Trial","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":84,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W56793286","https://openalex.org/W168020759","https://openalex.org/W296157688","https://openalex.org/W583584254","https://openalex.org/W657726231","https://openalex.org/W1513050544","https://openalex.org/W1513239584","https://openalex.org/W1536605288","https://openalex.org/W1539736302","https://openalex.org/W1883896725","https://openalex.org/W1964078404","https://openalex.org/W1966845058","https://openalex.org/W1970059603","https://openalex.org/W1975627574","https://openalex.org/W1980191765","https://openalex.org/W1986146511","https://openalex.org/W1987841733","https://openalex.org/W1987888048","https://openalex.org/W1991517942","https://openalex.org/W1991633153","https://openalex.org/W2001235058","https://openalex.org/W2008491212","https://openalex.org/W2010361572","https://openalex.org/W2017037891","https://openalex.org/W2018803785","https://openalex.org/W2020591303","https://openalex.org/W2021840422","https://openalex.org/W2029696430","https://openalex.org/W2030780271","https://openalex.org/W2033283312","https://openalex.org/W2033613617","https://openalex.org/W2037328183","https://openalex.org/W2041886231","https://openalex.org/W2048694374","https://openalex.org/W2053532961","https://openalex.org/W2053966798","https://openalex.org/W2055265054","https://openalex.org/W2057032881","https://openalex.org/W2060057531","https://openalex.org/W2062269326","https://openalex.org/W2092756981","https://openalex.org/W2095325727","https://openalex.org/W2099522484","https://openalex.org/W2101195795","https://openalex.org/W2104860998","https://openalex.org/W2104972618","https://openalex.org/W2112709014","https://openalex.org/W2115373328","https://openalex.org/W2122094006","https://openalex.org/W2125147061","https://openalex.org/W2131274183","https://openalex.org/W2136836709","https://openalex.org/W2136940572","https://openalex.org/W2137668553","https://openalex.org/W2138290169","https://openalex.org/W2147857117","https://openalex.org/W2150052239","https://openalex.org/W2150278610","https://openalex.org/W2151969385","https://openalex.org/W2151998858","https://openalex.org/W2158981610","https://openalex.org/W2162103359","https://openalex.org/W2165032352","https://openalex.org/W2165234737","https://openalex.org/W2165374410","https://openalex.org/W2167811148","https://openalex.org/W2168112513","https://openalex.org/W2173587025","https://openalex.org/W2182159026","https://openalex.org/W2187062819","https://openalex.org/W2255085418","https://openalex.org/W2275493765","https://openalex.org/W2279954961","https://openalex.org/W2292647418","https://openalex.org/W2341781027","https://openalex.org/W2400054773","https://openalex.org/W3023254902","https://openalex.org/W3098074305","https://openalex.org/W3121366158","https://openalex.org/W3121413281","https://openalex.org/W3122594657","https://openalex.org/W3125156328","https://openalex.org/W3152474463","https://openalex.org/W4246607039"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2162730683","https://openalex.org/W7167788712","https://openalex.org/W3139336104","https://openalex.org/W7037577928","https://openalex.org/W1972702774","https://openalex.org/W1966789176","https://openalex.org/W4306740808","https://openalex.org/W2149287012","https://openalex.org/W4223562716","https://openalex.org/W2050892523"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract:":[0],"It":[1],"is":[2,8,37,43,55,205,222],"commonly":[3],"believed":[4],"that":[5,39,128,182,217,219],"HIV":[6,28,84,109,141,178,183,220],"testing":[7,18,42,221,232],"essential":[9],"for":[10,20,82,177],"disease":[11],"prevention.":[12],"Indeed,":[13],"spending":[14],"on":[15,27,60],"counseling":[16],"and":[17,53,73,86,119,170],"accounts":[19],"over":[21,95],"half":[22,132],"of":[23,51,133,153,202,215],"the":[24,61,80,93,121,134,158,166,199],"total":[25],"expenditures":[26],"prevention":[29,228],"in":[30,98],"some":[31],"African":[32],"countries.":[33],"Despite":[34],"this,":[35],"there":[36,54],"evidence":[38,59],"even":[40,146],"when":[41],"available":[44],"most":[45],"people":[46],"do":[47],"not":[48,223],"take":[49],"advantage":[50],"it,":[52],"virtually":[56],"no":[57],"persuasive":[58],"behavioral":[62],"response":[63],"to":[64,78,87,106,123,138],"knowing":[65],"one's":[66],"status.":[67],"For":[68],"this":[69],"paper,":[70],"I":[71,126,180,210],"designed":[72],"implemented":[74],"a":[75,147,154,187],"randomized":[76],"experiment":[77],"evaluate":[79],"demand":[81],"learning":[83,160],"results":[85,110,162,173],"estimate":[88],"subsequent":[89],"behavior":[90],"change.":[91],"In":[92],"experiment,":[94],"2,700":[96],"individuals":[97],"rural":[99],"Malawi":[100],"were":[101,117],"randomly":[102],"assigned":[103,168],"monetary":[104],"incentives":[105,169,237],"learn":[107,139,191],"their":[108,140,161,192],"after":[111],"testing.":[112],"Two":[113],"months":[114],"later,":[115],"they":[116],"re-interviewed":[118],"given":[120],"opportunity":[122],"purchase":[124,194],"condoms.":[125],"find":[127,181],"while":[129],"less":[130],"than":[131],"participants":[135],"attended":[136],"clinics":[137],"status":[142,193],"without":[143],"any":[144],"incentive,":[145],"very":[148],"small":[149],"incentive":[150],"(about":[151],"one-tenth":[152],"day\u2019s":[155],"wage)":[156],"increased":[157],"share":[159],"by":[163],"50%.":[164],"Using":[165,207],"exogenously":[167],"distance":[171],"from":[172],"centers":[174],"as":[175,224,226],"instruments":[176],"knowledge,":[179],"positive":[184],"subjects":[185],"with":[186],"sexual":[188],"partner":[189],"who":[190],"significantly":[195],"more":[196,239],"condoms;":[197],"however,":[198,230],"average":[200],"number":[201],"condoms":[203],"purchased":[204],"low.":[206],"these":[208],"estimates,":[209],"calibrate":[211],"an":[212],"epidemiological":[213],"model":[214],"infection":[216],"suggests":[218],"cost-effective":[225],"other":[227],"strategies;":[229],"if":[231],"services":[233],"already":[234],"exist,":[235],"offering":[236],"may":[238],"effectively":[240],"avert":[241],"new":[242],"infections.":[243]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}