{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1122304989","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1520/jfs11907j","title":"Copper and Nickel Detection on Gunshot Targets by Dithiooxamide Test","display_name":"Copper and Nickel Detection on Gunshot Targets by Dithiooxamide Test","publication_year":1986,"publication_date":"1986-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1122304989","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1520/jfs11907j","mag":"1122304989"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1520/jfs11907j","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1520/jfs11907j","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1520/jfs11907j","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62072220","display_name":"Journal of Forensic Sciences","issn_l":"0022-1198","issn":["0022-1198","1556-4029"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Forensic Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114549931","display_name":"JA Lekstrom","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327714866","display_name":"Federal Bureau of Investigation","ror":"https://ror.org/00ta5r839","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1314586196","https://openalex.org/I1327714866"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"JA Lekstrom","raw_affiliation_strings":["Forensic Science Research Group, FBI Laboratory, FBI Academy 1 Student intern and research chemist , respectively, , Quantico, VA22135 ","Student intern and research chemist, respectively, Forensic Science Research Group, FBI Laboratory, FBI Academy, Quantico, VA 22135. US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Forensic Science Research Group, FBI Laboratory, FBI Academy 1 Student intern and research chemist , respectively, , Quantico, VA22135 ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327714866"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Student intern and research chemist, respectively, Forensic Science Research Group, FBI Laboratory, FBI Academy, Quantico, VA 22135. US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327714866"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110235760","display_name":"RD Koons","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327714866","display_name":"Federal Bureau of Investigation","ror":"https://ror.org/00ta5r839","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1314586196","https://openalex.org/I1327714866"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"RD Koons","raw_affiliation_strings":["Forensic Science Research Group, FBI Laboratory, FBI Academy 1 Student intern and research chemist , respectively, , Quantico, VA22135 ","Student intern and research chemist, respectively, Forensic Science Research Group, FBI Laboratory, FBI Academy, Quantico, VA 22135. US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Forensic Science Research Group, FBI Laboratory, FBI Academy 1 Student intern and research chemist , respectively, , Quantico, VA22135 ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327714866"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Student intern and research chemist, respectively, Forensic Science Research Group, FBI Laboratory, FBI Academy, Quantico, VA 22135. US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327714866"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327714866"],"apc_list":{"value":4330,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4330},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.22395306,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"4","first_page":"1283","last_page":"1291"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13192","display_name":"Forensic Fingerprint Detection Methods","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13192","display_name":"Forensic Fingerprint Detection Methods","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11699","display_name":"High-Velocity Impact and Material Behavior","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11212","display_name":"Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology (arts and humanities)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/copper-determination","display_name":"copper determination","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nickel-detection","display_name":"nickel ion detection","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gunshot-residue","display_name":"gunshot residue","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crime-scene-investigation","display_name":"crime scene investigation","score":0.4350000023841858}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C504270822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744","display_name":"Nickel","level":2,"score":0.5955802798271179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544778455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753","display_name":"Copper","level":2,"score":0.4539993107318878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4119046628475189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77595967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3151013","display_name":"Forensic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4037509858608246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.35457974672317505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3274918496608734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3203441798686981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.28186267614364624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2569175362586975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.05741387605667114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1520/jfs11907j","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1520/jfs11907j","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1520/jfs11907j","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62072220","display_name":"Journal of Forensic Sciences","issn_l":"0022-1198","issn":["0022-1198","1556-4029"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Forensic Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W971234201","https://openalex.org/W1151651982","https://openalex.org/W2138416687","https://openalex.org/W3206506148","https://openalex.org/W4237540107"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1005333232","https://openalex.org/W2502886958","https://openalex.org/W971234201","https://openalex.org/W7215617057","https://openalex.org/W2265581481","https://openalex.org/W3203250647","https://openalex.org/W3007276302","https://openalex.org/W4240016267","https://openalex.org/W7018495643","https://openalex.org/W2903750414"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Identification":[1],"of":[2,15,18,25,35,48,57,68,91,116,124],"a":[3,11,41,49,109,119,122],"hole":[4,43],"or":[5],"mark":[6,120],"as":[7],"one":[8],"produced":[9],"by":[10,45],"bullet":[12,19,42,51,92,117],"and":[13,37,59,84,94,102],"characterization":[14],"the":[16,32,46,66,80,85,114],"type":[17,115],"are":[20],"often":[21],"important":[22],"in":[23,77,121],"reconstruction":[24],"shooting":[26],"incidents.":[27],"Dithiooxamide":[28],"is":[29],"used":[30,76,107],"for":[31,89,100],"visual":[33],"detection":[34,90],"copper":[36,101],"nickel":[38,103],"deposited":[39],"on":[40,65],"periphery":[44],"passage":[47],"jacketed":[50,58],"through":[52],"target":[53,69,125],"material.":[54],"The":[55,98],"discrimination":[56],"nonjacketed":[60],"ammunition":[61],"can":[62,104],"be":[63,75,106],"made":[64],"basis":[67],"analysis":[70],"alone.":[71],"This":[72],"technique":[73],"may":[74],"conjunction":[78],"with":[79],"Modified":[81],"Griess":[82],"Test":[83],"sodium":[86],"rhodizonate":[87],"test":[88,99],"holes":[93],"muzzle-to-target":[95],"distance":[96],"determinations.":[97],"also":[105],"at":[108],"crime":[110],"scene":[111],"to":[112],"determine":[113],"producing":[118],"variety":[123],"materials.":[126]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}