{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1122118828","doi":null,"title":"Soilless culture technology for protected environment agriculture (PEA): the need for mechanization and automation","display_name":"Soilless culture technology for protected environment agriculture (PEA): the need for mechanization and automation","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1122118828","mag":"1122118828"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:psasir.upm.edu.my:38752","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/38752/1/38752.pdf","pdf_url":"http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/38752/1/38752.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196260","display_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia Institutional Repository (Universiti Putra Malaysia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I130343225","host_organization_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055530027","display_name":"Mohd Razi Ismail","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5670-9279","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5670-9279"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohd Razi Ismail","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5670-9279","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063464698","display_name":"Puteri Edaroyati Megat Wahab","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1087-4225","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1087-4225"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Puteri Edaroyati Megat Wahab","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1087-4225","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13391","display_name":"Innovations in Aquaponics and Hydroponics Systems","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1104","display_name":"Aquatic Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13391","display_name":"Innovations in Aquaponics and Hydroponics Systems","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1104","display_name":"Aquatic Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12754","display_name":"Plant Growth and Agriculture Techniques","score":0.009800000116229057,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12093","display_name":"Greenhouse Technology and Climate Control","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydroponics","display_name":"hydroponics","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nutrient-film-technique","display_name":"nutrient film technique","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanization","display_name":"mechanization","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"automation","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/horticultural-production","display_name":"horticultural production","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microclimate-control","display_name":"microclimate control","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crop-management","display_name":"crop management","score":0.5910000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operational-cost-reduction","display_name":"operational cost reduction","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malaysia","display_name":"Malaysia","score":0.7820000052452087}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552594755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191667","display_name":"Hydroponics","level":2,"score":0.7868621945381165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205797222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1160362","display_name":"Mechanization","level":3,"score":0.7336983680725098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88463610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194118","display_name":"Agricultural engineering","level":1,"score":0.5906436443328857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.5793637037277222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5403350591659546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.494083434343338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.4589022994041443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4549928605556488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.36331549286842346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.18878594040870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.14742353558540344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.14578601717948914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.07543101906776428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:psasir.upm.edu.my:38752","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/38752/1/38752.pdf","pdf_url":"http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/38752/1/38752.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196260","display_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia Institutional Repository (Universiti Putra Malaysia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I130343225","host_organization_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"},{"id":"mag:1122118828","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/38752/","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.958299994468689},{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5378999710083008}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7171319606","https://openalex.org/W2972546305","https://openalex.org/W4232461673","https://openalex.org/W2899908255","https://openalex.org/W164714569","https://openalex.org/W2608505501","https://openalex.org/W2261624618","https://openalex.org/W7015032791","https://openalex.org/W4323900672","https://openalex.org/W7216665612"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Protected":[0],"environment":[1],"agriculture":[2,40],"system":[3,26,41,60,94,148],"for":[4,21,35,107,124,139],"horticultural":[5],"crop":[6,36,100,131],"cultivation":[7],"has":[8,42],"widely":[9],"been":[10,44],"used":[11,84,121],"in":[12,27,61,69,85,92],"most":[13],"developed":[14],"countries.":[15],"There":[16],"is":[17,65,82,95],"a":[18],"growing":[19],"demand":[20],"the":[22,39,48,56,59,90,93,117],"introduction":[23,57],"of":[24,58,67,89,122,143],"this":[25,74],"Malaysia":[28],"to":[29,46,129],"meet":[30],"several":[31],"objectives.":[32],"The":[33,137],"technology":[34,81],"production":[37],"within":[38,73],"well":[43],"investigated":[45],"suite":[47],"local":[49],"microclimatic":[50,118],"and":[51,71,120,133,141,145],"technological":[52],"advancement":[53],"requirements.":[54],"Since":[55],"early":[62],"80\u2019s":[63],"there":[64],"lack":[66],"research":[68],"mechanization":[70,140],"automation":[72,142],"agricultural":[75],"system.":[76],"Hydroponics":[77],"or":[78],"soilless":[79,146],"culture":[80,147],"commonly":[83],"protected":[86],"environment.":[87],"One":[88],"features":[91],"that":[96],"it":[97],"offers":[98],"programmable":[99],"production.":[101],"In":[102],"Nutrient":[103],"Film":[104],"Technique":[105],"system,":[106],"e.g.,":[108],"moveable":[109],"gullies":[110],"provide":[111],"efficient":[112,130],"labor":[113],"usage.":[114],"Information":[115],"on":[116],"factors":[119],"electronics":[123],"regulating":[125],"cultural":[126],"practices":[127],"result":[128],"management":[132],"reduce":[134],"operational":[135],"cost.":[136],"scope":[138],"hydroponics":[144],"will":[149],"be":[150],"highlighted.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-25T07:29:55.448023","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
