{"id":"https://openalex.org/W111715802","doi":null,"title":"Has Globalization Gone Far Enough: The Costs of Fragmented Markets","display_name":"Has Globalization Gone Far Enough: The Costs of Fragmented Markets","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W111715802","mag":"111715802"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:3124557398","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ideas.repec.org/b/iie/ppress/349.html","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088891441","display_name":"Scott C. Bradford","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4651-3747","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4651-3747"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Scott Bradford","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4651-3747","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109395145","display_name":"Robert Z. Lawrence","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Z. Lawrence","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.3859,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95409274,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14503","display_name":"Globalization, Economics, and Policies","score":0.002199999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10393","display_name":"Economic Growth and Productivity","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/globalization","display_name":"globalization","score":0.6209999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/market-integration","display_name":"market integration","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/purchasing-power-parity","display_name":"purchasing power parity","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/price-differentials","display_name":"price differentials","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-barriers","display_name":"trade barriers","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/welfare-effects","display_name":"welfare effects","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distribution-margins","display_name":"distribution margins","score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/general-equilibrium-model","display_name":"general equilibrium model","score":0.6119999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-openness","display_name":"trade openness","score":0.6140000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-market","display_name":"internal market","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oecd-countries","display_name":"OECD countries","score":0.8140000104904175}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109888216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82135","display_name":"Purchasing power parity","level":3,"score":0.7914406657218933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.6245236992835999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84976871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2015673","display_name":"Openness to experience","level":2,"score":0.5958017110824585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776542561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q271969","display_name":"Purchasing power","level":2,"score":0.5698907375335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2119116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7181","display_name":"Globalization","level":2,"score":0.5399217009544373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100243477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12002092","display_name":"Welfare","level":2,"score":0.5299725532531738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185782297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2142538","display_name":"Relative price","level":2,"score":0.47558701038360596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40149104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5620977","display_name":"Factory (object-oriented programming)","level":2,"score":0.4428153336048126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18547055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47417","display_name":"International economics","level":1,"score":0.3599259853363037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.23144471645355225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.2168588638305664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.14390477538108826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776988154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66100","display_name":"Exchange rate","level":2,"score":0.09405297040939331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"mag:3124557398","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ideas.repec.org/b/iie/ppress/349.html","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:iie:ppress:349","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.piie.com/bookstore/has-globalization-gone-far-enough-costs-fragmented-markets","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"book"},{"id":"pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-014674095","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&amp;doc_library=BVB01&amp;local_base=BVB01&amp;doc_number=014674095&amp;sequence=000003&amp;line_number=0001&amp;func_code=DB_RECORDS&amp;service_type=MEDIA","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:111715802","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA66296003","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1521721464","https://openalex.org/W479653432","https://openalex.org/W7097645555","https://openalex.org/W3085943648","https://openalex.org/W2112686595","https://openalex.org/W2122471551","https://openalex.org/W6959316970","https://openalex.org/W2795369634","https://openalex.org/W3124929331","https://openalex.org/W586201047"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,90],"authors":[1],"use":[2],"the":[3,13,75,96,104,108],"underlying":[4],"data":[5,26],"from":[6,16,54],"purchasing":[7],"power":[8],"parity":[9],"surveys":[10],"to":[11,40,50,103,110],"estimate":[12],"potential":[14],"benefits":[15],"fully":[17],"integrating":[18],"goods":[19,56],"markets":[20],"among":[21],"major":[22],"OECD":[23,101],"countries.":[24],"These":[25],"are":[27,32,44,48],"particularly":[28],"useful":[29],"because":[30],"they":[31,43],"comprehensive,":[33],"and":[34,58,74,107],"every":[35],"effort":[36],"has":[37,113],"been":[38,68,83],"made":[39],"ensure":[41],"that":[42],"comparable.":[45],"Input-output":[46],"tables":[47],"used":[49],"eliminate":[51],"distribution":[52],"margins":[53],"final":[55],"prices":[57],"thereby":[59],"provide":[60],"estimates":[61],"of":[62,72,78,99],"ex-factory":[63],"prices.":[64],"Price":[65],"differentials":[66],"have":[67,82],"taken":[69],"as":[70],"measures":[71],"barriers,":[73],"welfare":[76],"effects":[77],"eliminating":[79],"these":[80],"barriers":[81],"estimated":[84],"in":[85],"a":[86,115],"general":[87],"equilibrium":[88],"model.":[89],"study":[91],"also":[92],"provides":[93],"insights":[94],"into":[95],"relative":[97],"openness":[98],"individual":[100],"countries":[102],"world":[105],"economy":[106],"degree":[109],"which":[111],"Europe":[112],"become":[114],"single":[116],"market.":[117]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-25T09:29:13.331239","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
