{"id":"https://openalex.org/W111290872","doi":null,"title":"Vitamin/mineral supplement use among high school athletes.","display_name":"Vitamin/mineral supplement use among high school athletes.","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W111290872","mag":"111290872","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7892794"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:7892794","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7892794","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Adolescence","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069255781","display_name":"Jeffery Sobal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5962-5345","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5962-5345"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165488384","display_name":"General Mills (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03kgyg741","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165488384"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J Sobal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nutrition Department, General Mills, Inc., Minneapolis, MN 55426"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nutrition Department, General Mills, Inc., Minneapolis, MN 55426","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165488384"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044452962","display_name":"Len F. Marquart","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L F Marquart","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3674,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":89,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82829172,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"116","first_page":"835","last_page":"43"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12700","display_name":"Doping in Sports","score":0.7411999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12700","display_name":"Doping in Sports","score":0.7411999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13112","display_name":"Nutrition and Health Studies","score":0.24220000207424164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12873","display_name":"Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior","score":0.004800000227987766,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vitamin-and-mineral-supplements","display_name":"vitamin and mineral supplements","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/youth-athletes","display_name":"youth athletes","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-school-athletes","display_name":"high school athletes","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supplement-use-prevalence","display_name":"supplement use prevalence","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/athletic-performance","display_name":"athletic performance","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ergogenic-aids","display_name":"ergogenic aids","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parental-influence","display_name":"parental influence","score":0.6179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-motivation","display_name":"health motivation","score":0.37400001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nutrition-counseling","display_name":"nutrition counseling","score":0.6169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-adolescents","display_name":"rural adolescents","score":0.6460000276565552}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781054738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4813730","display_name":"Athletes","level":2,"score":0.8650729060173035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5453209280967712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776940978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34956","display_name":"Vitamin","level":2,"score":0.4928739070892334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018363719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q645858","display_name":"Dietary supplement","level":2,"score":0.46316397190093994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.42816755175590515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.39763230085372925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.38849228620529175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.32015442848205566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.11257666349411011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005527","descriptor_name":"Food, Fortified","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007722","descriptor_name":"Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009042","descriptor_name":"Motivation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011795","descriptor_name":"Surveys and Questionnaires","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012424","descriptor_name":"Rural Population","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013177","descriptor_name":"Sports","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013334","descriptor_name":"Students","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014131","descriptor_name":"Trace Elements","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014815","descriptor_name":"Vitamins","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D052756","descriptor_name":"Nutritional Sciences","qualifier_ui":"Q000193","qualifier_name":"education","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:7892794","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7892794","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Adolescence","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:111290872","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7892794","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9391000270843506,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2102440978","https://openalex.org/W2122556838","https://openalex.org/W2200973561","https://openalex.org/W2017385888","https://openalex.org/W2759964570","https://openalex.org/W2808591130","https://openalex.org/W2026166051","https://openalex.org/W3201168855","https://openalex.org/W2016211044","https://openalex.org/W4244010629"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Vitamin/mineral":[0],"supplements":[1],"are":[2],"consumed":[3,70],"by":[4,9,22,54,111,119,138],"adolescent":[5],"athletes":[6,25,34,99],"motivated":[7,117],"both":[8],"general":[10],"health":[11,120],"concerns":[12],"and":[13,76,90,140,144,149],"a":[14,29],"desire":[15],"for":[16,84,151],"improved":[17,106],"athletic":[18,107,161],"performance.":[19,108,124,162],"Supplement":[20,109],"use":[21,51,110,137,154],"high":[23],"school":[24],"was":[26],"examined":[27],"using":[28],"questionnaire":[30],"administered":[31],"to":[32,63,115,133,141,159],"742":[33],"at":[35],"all":[36],"nine":[37],"schools":[38],"in":[39,58,65],"one":[40],"rural":[41],"county.":[42],"A":[43],"total":[44],"of":[45],"38%":[46],"used":[47],"supplements,":[48],"with":[49,61,87],"supplement":[50,85,104,136],"not":[52],"differing":[53],"gender":[55],"or":[56],"grade":[57],"school.":[59],"Athletes":[60],"aspirations":[62],"participate":[64],"college":[66],"sports":[67,77,123],"more":[68,118],"often":[69],"supplements.":[71],"Healthy":[72],"growth,":[73],"treating":[74],"illness,":[75],"performance":[78],"were":[79],"the":[80,93],"most":[81],"important":[82],"reasons":[83,121],"use,":[86],"parents,":[88],"doctors,":[89],"coaches":[91],"being":[92],"greatest":[94],"influences":[95],"on":[96],"use.":[97],"Most":[98],"(62%),":[100],"especially":[101],"boys,":[102],"believed":[103],"consumption":[105],"these":[112],"adolescents":[113,139],"appears":[114],"be":[116,131],"than":[122],"It":[125],"is":[126],"suggested":[127],"that":[128],"it":[129],"may":[130],"useful":[132],"assess":[134],"vitamin/mineral":[135],"provide":[142],"education":[143],"counseling":[145],"about":[146],"diet,":[147],"nutrition,":[148],"exercise":[150],"those":[152],"who":[153],"them":[155],"as":[156],"ergogenic":[157],"aids":[158],"improve":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}