{"id":"https://openalex.org/W111048461","doi":null,"title":"Local Union Transformation: Analyzing Issues of Race, Gender, Class, and Democracy","display_name":"Local Union Transformation: Analyzing Issues of Race, Gender, Class, and Democracy","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W111048461","mag":"111048461"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:111048461","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/29767083","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S14445259","display_name":"Social Justice A Journal of Crime Conflict & World Order","issn_l":"1043-1578","issn":["1043-1578","2327-641X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Social Justice A Journal of Crime Conflict & World Order","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004444719","display_name":"Fernando E. Gapasin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fernando Gapasin","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California\u2013Los Angeles"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California\u2013Los Angeles","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004444719"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00204588,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"3","first_page":"13","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11421","display_name":"Labor Movements and Unions","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3321","display_name":"Public Administration"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11421","display_name":"Labor Movements and Unions","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3321","display_name":"Public Administration"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13911","display_name":"Employment, Labor, and Gender Studies","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13982","display_name":"Social Movements and Cultural Identity","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/union-democracy","display_name":"union democracy","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/race","display_name":"race","score":0.5270000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender","display_name":"gender","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intersectionality","display_name":"intersectionality","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-sector-unions","display_name":"public sector unions","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-transport-workers","display_name":"public transport workers","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bus-drivers","display_name":"bus drivers","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-union-leadership","display_name":"union leadership","score":0.4830000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/working-class-unity","display_name":"working class unity","score":0.47099998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/union-membership-growth","display_name":"union growth","score":0.3100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strikes","display_name":"strikes","score":0.47200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-justice","display_name":"social justice","score":0.5870000123977661}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555826173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174","display_name":"Democracy","level":3,"score":0.6155995726585388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778627824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178561","display_name":"Battle","level":2,"score":0.572012722492218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020690005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178790","display_name":"Trade union","level":2,"score":0.49390918016433716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170950685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191159","display_name":"Working class","level":3,"score":0.48431745171546936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.4622068405151367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.4433921277523041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017953504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178790","display_name":"Labor union","level":2,"score":0.4139513671398163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3813554644584656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.3779827356338501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.15994760394096375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.1525922417640686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.12788137793540955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.09328845143318176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:111048461","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/29767083","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S14445259","display_name":"Social Justice A Journal of Crime Conflict & World Order","issn_l":"1043-1578","issn":["1043-1578","2327-641X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Social Justice A Journal of Crime Conflict & World Order","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7578999996185303,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"},{"score":0.47620001435279846,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W177543178","https://openalex.org/W384696403","https://openalex.org/W563832458","https://openalex.org/W590594156","https://openalex.org/W611884478","https://openalex.org/W1483164980","https://openalex.org/W1603263017","https://openalex.org/W1987053543","https://openalex.org/W2005906308","https://openalex.org/W2012674417","https://openalex.org/W2026222950","https://openalex.org/W2029226243","https://openalex.org/W2154952890","https://openalex.org/W2321323237","https://openalex.org/W2333988193","https://openalex.org/W2335126140","https://openalex.org/W2742043885","https://openalex.org/W2798168032","https://openalex.org/W2918007204","https://openalex.org/W4244020777"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2093948189","https://openalex.org/W150598112","https://openalex.org/W2340678860","https://openalex.org/W4301329245","https://openalex.org/W1567781177","https://openalex.org/W2003343259","https://openalex.org/W2947650412","https://openalex.org/W7112058123","https://openalex.org/W1538179167","https://openalex.org/W7062991356"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"During":[0,346],"my":[1,35],"28":[2],"years":[3,106],"of":[4,34,67,78,107,142,166,181,214,239,245,303,312,324,366,382,494,500,526],"labor":[5,240],"movement":[6,114,399],"activism,":[7],"I":[8,18,39,98,463,566],"have":[9,19,205,224,532,583],"served":[10],"in":[11,23,64,84,91,152,329,341,413,432,449,555],"every":[12],"capacity":[13],"within":[14,189,216,248,519],"a":[15,85,92,112,174,231,310,317,330,338,359,372,380,397,403,411,419,423,471,533,552,572],"local":[16,331,339],"union.":[17,334,377,425],"led":[20],"and":[21,29,55,94,129,134,168,197,200,209,227,242,251,271,280,293,327,387,482,513,524,540,542,549,564,594],"participated":[22],"organizing":[24,88],"campaigns,":[25],"contract":[26],"negotiations,":[27],"arbitrations,":[28],"strikes.":[30],"Nevertheless,":[31],"the":[32,43,53,56,59,65,118,121,125,140,143,217,237,243,267,276,322,342,347,414,433,444,454,468,479,492,504,556],"parts":[33],"union":[36,102,113,159,195,222,340,355,415,421,605],"life":[37],"that":[38,52,80,115,233,263,269,429,491,568,581,586,602],"remember":[40],"best":[41,54,99],"were":[42],"struggles":[44],"to":[45,110,161,207,284,299,320,422,441,574,599],"build":[46,111],"democratic":[47,610],"unions.":[48,153],"Some":[49],"might":[50,81],"argue":[51,567],"worse":[57],"about":[58],"American":[60,126,144,218,277,557],"worker":[61],"are":[62,192,587],"revealed":[63],"heat":[66],"class":[569],"struggles.":[69],"They":[70],"surface,":[71],"for":[72,139,170,194,400,439],"instance,":[73],"during":[74,395],"those":[75,101],"rare":[76],"acts":[77,180],"courage":[79,182],"be":[82],"seen":[83],"violently":[86],"contested":[87],"campaign":[89],"or":[90],"protracted":[93],"bitter":[95],"strike.":[96],"Yet,":[97,443],"remembered":[100],"members":[103,151],"who":[104,466],"gave":[105],"their":[108,163,286,591],"lives":[109],"represented":[116],"all":[117],"workers.":[119],"Although":[120],"pitched":[122],"battle":[123,176],"between":[124,150],"working":[127,145,219,278,480,505],"international":[130],"capital":[131],"is":[132,147,173,260,453,496,571],"fierce":[133],"bitter,":[135],"an":[136,297],"essential":[137],"straggle":[138],"advancement":[141],"taking":[148],"place":[149],"The":[154,186],"continued":[155],"effort":[156,298],"by":[157,183,393,475,511,528,590],"dedicated":[158],"activists":[160],"make":[162],"organizations":[164],"models":[165],"democracy":[167,196,401],"engines":[169],"social":[171,306,472,558],"justice":[172],"long":[175],"marked":[177,392],"with":[178],"conspicuous":[179],"working-class":[184,451,576],"people.":[185],"fiercest":[187],"battles":[188],"trade":[190],"unions":[249],"waged":[193],"against":[198],"racial":[199,226,270,512,537,561],"gender":[201,210,228,272,514],"discrimination.":[202],"Many":[203],"authors":[204],"pointed":[206],"race":[208],"as":[211,230,470],"major":[212],"sources":[213],"fragmentation":[215,273,440],"class.":[220,484],"Historically,":[221],"leaders":[223,265,465,489],"viewed":[225],"diversity":[229],"problem":[232],"hindered":[234],"cooperative":[235],"action,":[236],"formation":[238],"maintenance":[244],"unity":[247,452],"(Asher":[250],"Stephenson,":[252],"1990;":[253],"Cobble,":[254],"1993).":[255],"Among":[256],"progressive":[257],"scholars,":[258],"it":[259],"generally":[261],"agreed":[262],"corporate":[264],"understand":[266,490],"effect":[268],"has":[274],"on":[275],"use":[281],"these":[282],"divisions":[283],"advance":[285],"interests":[288],"(Davis,":[289],"1986;":[290],"Gordon,":[291],"Edwards,":[292],"Reich,":[294],"1986).":[295],"In":[296,516,545],"extend":[300],"our":[301],"understanding":[302],"how":[304],"unified":[305],"action":[307],"emerges":[308],"from":[309,358,417],"multiplicity":[311],"identities,":[313],"this":[314,354,486],"article":[315],"uses":[316],"case":[318],"study":[319,336,427],"examine":[321],"intersection":[323],"race,":[325],"gender,":[326,593],"public":[332,343],"sector":[333],"This":[335,407,426],"involved":[337],"transportation":[344],"industry.":[345],"first":[348],"period":[349,381,408],"studied,":[350],"1970":[351],"through":[352],"1992,":[353],"was":[356,379,391],"transformed":[357],"124-member":[360],"private-sector":[361],"union,":[362],"made":[363],"up":[364],"mostly":[365],"white":[367,530,543,547],"male":[368],"bus":[369],"drivers,":[370],"into":[371],"1,800-member":[373],"multiracial,":[374],"multi-gender,":[375],"multi-occupational":[376],"It":[378,390],"tremendous":[383],"economic,":[384],"political,":[385],"social,":[386],"ideological":[388],"change.":[389],"militancy,":[394],"which":[396,529],"rank-and-file":[398],"unseated":[402],"25-year":[404],"incumbent":[405],"president.":[406],"also":[409,508],"witnessed":[410],"change":[412],"leadership,":[416],"being":[418],"white-run":[420],"minority-led":[424],"suggests":[428],"demographic":[430],"changes":[431],"work":[434],"force":[435],"set":[436],"objective":[437],"conditions":[438],"occur.":[442],"most":[445],"decisive":[446],"single":[447],"variable":[448],"building":[450],"subjective":[455],"factor,":[456],"i.e.,":[457],"class-conscious":[458,488],"leadership.":[459,577],"By":[460],"conscious,":[462],"mean":[464],"interpret":[467],"U.S.":[469],"system":[473,493,559],"divided":[474],"relationships:":[477],"primarily,":[478],"capitalist":[483,501],"Within":[485],"context,":[487],"dominance":[495],"not":[497],"simply":[498],"one":[499,509],"domination":[502,527],"over":[503,536,560],"class,":[506],"but":[507],"characterized":[510],"privilege.":[515],"other":[517],"words,":[518],"classes,":[520],"there":[521],"exist":[522],"structures":[523],"cultures":[525],"males":[531],"privileged":[534],"position":[535,554],"minorities":[538,562],"(women":[539,563],"men)":[541],"women.":[544],"addition,":[546],"men":[548],"women":[550],"share":[551],"favored":[553],"men).":[565],"consciousness":[597],"requisite":[573],"effective":[575],"Such":[578],"leadership":[579],"recognizes":[580],"workers":[582],"multiple":[584],"identities":[585],"given":[588],"meaning":[589],"occupation,":[592],"race.":[595],"Ideological":[596],"leads":[598],"activist":[600],"strategies":[601],"create":[603],"internal":[604],"coalitions":[606],"aimed":[607],"at":[608],"increasing":[609],"participation.":[611],"\u2026":[612]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
