{"id":"https://openalex.org/W11067947","doi":null,"title":"Safety and efficacy of combined use of 4-hydroxyanisole (mequinol) 2%/tretinoin 0.01% solution and sunscreen in solar lentigines.","display_name":"Safety and efficacy of combined use of 4-hydroxyanisole (mequinol) 2%/tretinoin 0.01% solution and sunscreen in solar lentigines.","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W11067947","mag":"11067947","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15551721"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:15551721","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15551721","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cutis","raw_type":"Clinical Trial"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112727056","display_name":"Jean Paul Ortonne","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118460","display_name":"H\u00f4pital l'Archet","ror":"https://ror.org/02fsxgh46","country_code":"FR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3018988418","https://openalex.org/I4210118460"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jean Paul Ortonne","raw_affiliation_strings":["H\u00f4pital de l'Archet, Service de Dermatologie, Rte Saint Antoine de Ginesti\u00e8re 151, 06002 Nice Cedex 03, France. ortonne@unice.fr"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"H\u00f4pital de l'Archet, Service de Dermatologie, Rte Saint Antoine de Ginesti\u00e8re 151, 06002 Nice Cedex 03, France. ortonne@unice.fr","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101775150","display_name":"Francisco Camacho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7208-4916","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7208-4916"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francisco Camacho","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Nicholas Wainwright","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas Wainwright","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001022556","display_name":"Louise Bergfelt","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Louise Bergfelt","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089104690","display_name":"Wiete Westerhof","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wiete Westerhof","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046906637","display_name":"Diane I. Roseeuw","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diane Roseeuw","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.619,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87545756,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":"4","first_page":"261","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11172","display_name":"Dermatologic Treatments and Research","score":0.573199987411499,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2708","display_name":"Dermatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11172","display_name":"Dermatologic Treatments and Research","score":0.573199987411499,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2708","display_name":"Dermatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11144","display_name":"melanin and skin pigmentation","score":0.28439998626708984,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1307","display_name":"Cell Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11013","display_name":"Skin Protection and Aging","score":0.12030000239610672,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2708","display_name":"Dermatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-lentigines","display_name":"liver spots","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/4-hydroxyanisole","display_name":"4-hydroxyanisole","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/all-trans-retinoic-acid","display_name":"all-trans retinoic acid","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sunscreen","display_name":"sunscreen","score":0.46299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combination-therapy","display_name":"combination therapy","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skin-pigmentation","display_name":"skin pigmentation","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypopigmentation","display_name":"hypopigmentation","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-safety","display_name":"treatment safety","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-efficacy","display_name":"treatment efficacy","score":0.6710000038146973}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9270288944244385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1291366","display_name":"Hypopigmentation","level":2,"score":0.8082265853881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16005928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171171","display_name":"Dermatology","level":1,"score":0.7750738859176636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779963572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29417","display_name":"Tretinoin","level":4,"score":0.5444674491882324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.44442325830459595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197934379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2047938","display_name":"Adverse effect","level":2,"score":0.44227489829063416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779980618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180152","display_name":"Vitiligo","level":2,"score":0.418795108795166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.3448214828968048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.21305450797080994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781121885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425517","display_name":"Retinoic acid","level":3,"score":0.1080356240272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000279","descriptor_name":"Administration, Cutaneous","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000840","descriptor_name":"Anisoles","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000840","descriptor_name":"Anisoles","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003879","descriptor_name":"Dermatologic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003879","descriptor_name":"Dermatologic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007641","descriptor_name":"Keratolytic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007911","descriptor_name":"Lentigo","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012720","descriptor_name":"Severity of Illness Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013473","descriptor_name":"Sunscreening Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013473","descriptor_name":"Sunscreening Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014212","descriptor_name":"Tretinoin","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014212","descriptor_name":"Tretinoin","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016896","descriptor_name":"Treatment Outcome","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017496","descriptor_name":"Hypopigmentation","qualifier_ui":"Q000139","qualifier_name":"chemically induced","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:15551721","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15551721","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cutis","raw_type":"Clinical Trial"},{"id":"mag:11067947","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15551721","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9907000064849854,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial","display_name":"Clinical Trial"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1998916247","https://openalex.org/W2001402109","https://openalex.org/W2011711870"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2162389964","https://openalex.org/W164659303","https://openalex.org/W2103063660","https://openalex.org/W6986986341","https://openalex.org/W2052859081","https://openalex.org/W2285363061","https://openalex.org/W2410872995","https://openalex.org/W85865665","https://openalex.org/W2100679814","https://openalex.org/W2059131389"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,31],"objective":[1],"of":[2,12,28,36,56,67,113,119,151,166,195],"this":[3],"open-label,":[4],"noncontrolled":[5],"study":[6,32,121,179],"was":[7,48,87,102,130,142],"to":[8,44,161,176],"evaluate":[9],"the":[10,26,53,57,61,73,77,117,120,182,193],"safety":[11,74],"a":[13,23,34,40,164],"combination":[14],"solution":[15,186],"containing":[16],"4-hydroxyanisole":[17],"(mequinol)":[18],"2%/tretinoin":[19,184],"0.01%":[20,185],"(Solag\u00e9)":[21],"with":[22,80],"sunscreen":[24],"in":[25,72,91,95,99,104,111,132,192],"treatment":[27,41,124,194],"solar":[29,196],"lentigines.":[30,197],"included":[33,71],"total":[35,66,150,165],"406":[37],"subjects":[38,69,79,106,115,154,169],"for":[39,146],"period":[42],"up":[43],"24":[45],"weeks.":[46],"Efficacy":[47,140],"evaluated":[49],"clinically":[50],"by":[51],"grading":[52],"pigmentation":[54],"level":[55],"treated":[58],"areas":[59],"on":[60,144],"face":[62],"and":[63,82,97,107,163,190],"forearms.":[64],"A":[65,149],"378":[68],"were":[70,138],"population.":[75],"Of":[76],"173":[78],"skin-related":[81],"treatment-related":[83],"adverse":[84],"events,":[85],"severity":[86],"reported":[88,131],"as":[89],"mild":[90],"79":[92],"subjects,":[93],"moderate":[94],"71,":[96],"severe":[98],"23.":[100],"Hypopigmentation":[101],"observed":[103],"4":[105],"had":[108,125,155,170],"definitively":[109],"resolved":[110],"3":[112],"these":[114],"at":[116],"end":[118],"or":[122],"after":[123],"been":[126],"discontinued.":[127],"Halo":[128],"hypopigmentation":[129],"16":[133],"subjects.":[134,148],"No":[135],"allergic":[136],"reactions":[137],"observed.":[139],"evaluation":[141],"based":[143],"data":[145],"370":[147],"325":[152],"(88%)":[153],"facial":[156],"target":[157,172],"lesions":[158,173],"almost":[159,174],"clear":[160,175],"clear,":[162],"298":[167],"(81%)":[168],"forearm":[171],"clear.":[177],"Our":[178],"shows":[180],"that":[181],"mequinol":[183],"is":[187],"effective,":[188],"convenient,":[189],"safe":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}