{"id":"https://openalex.org/W110273689","doi":null,"title":"High Training Volumes are Associated with a Low Number of Self-Reported Sick Days in Elite Endurance Athletes.","display_name":"High Training Volumes are Associated with a Low Number of Self-Reported Sick Days in Elite Endurance Athletes.","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W110273689","mag":"110273689","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25435787","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4234964"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:3214540","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4234964","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4234964","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008196454","display_name":"Sandra M\u00e5rtensson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2660-6587","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2660-6587"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90267481","display_name":"Ume\u00e5 University","ror":"https://ror.org/05kb8h459","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90267481"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sandra M\u00e5rtensson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sports Medicine Unit and School of Sports Sciences, Ume\u00e5 University , Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sports Medicine Unit and School of Sports Sciences, Ume\u00e5 University , Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90267481"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034822326","display_name":"Kristina Nordebo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90267481","display_name":"Ume\u00e5 University","ror":"https://ror.org/05kb8h459","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90267481"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kristina Nordebo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sports Medicine Unit and School of Sports Sciences, Ume\u00e5 University , Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sports Medicine Unit and School of Sports Sciences, Ume\u00e5 University , Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90267481"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052865388","display_name":"Christer Malm","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8436-2476","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8436-2476"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90267481","display_name":"Ume\u00e5 University","ror":"https://ror.org/05kb8h459","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90267481"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christer Malm","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sports Medicine Unit and School of Sports Sciences, Ume\u00e5 University , Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sports Medicine Unit and School of Sports Sciences, Ume\u00e5 University , Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90267481"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90267481"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7078,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81357082,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"4","first_page":"929","last_page":"33"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11585","display_name":"Exercise and Physiological Responses","score":0.5,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11585","display_name":"Exercise and Physiological Responses","score":0.5,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10157","display_name":"Sports Performance and Training","score":0.46630001068115234,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11246","display_name":"Sports injuries and prevention","score":0.013500000350177288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training-volume","display_name":"training volume","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sick-days","display_name":"sick days","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-respiratory-tract-infection","display_name":"upper respiratory tract infection","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elite-endurance-athletes","display_name":"elite endurance athletes","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exercise-induced-immune-suppression","display_name":"exercise-induced immune suppression","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training-load","display_name":"training load","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-country-skiing","display_name":"cross-country skiing","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biathlon","display_name":"biathlon","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distance-running","display_name":"long-distance running","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training-logs","display_name":"training logs","score":0.6000000238418579}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781054738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4813730","display_name":"Athletes","level":2,"score":0.7827043533325195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6401434540748596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99830354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q362854","display_name":"Endurance training","level":2,"score":0.5609085559844971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993494880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1816033","display_name":"Elite athletes","level":3,"score":0.5552345514297485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.5467655658721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.4463653266429901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:3214540","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4234964","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4234964","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4234964","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Sports Sci Med","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:25435787","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25435787","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of sports science & medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f5b0f2c07cab4d5e95fcdad58fc26335","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f5b0f2c07cab4d5e95fcdad58fc26335","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, Vol 13, Iss 4, Pp 929-933 (2014)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"mag:110273689","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25435787","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:3214540","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4234964","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W11570939","https://openalex.org/W27847541","https://openalex.org/W96857025","https://openalex.org/W1219473977","https://openalex.org/W1968759763","https://openalex.org/W1972607081","https://openalex.org/W1973693892","https://openalex.org/W1996667083","https://openalex.org/W2004567690","https://openalex.org/W2022749572","https://openalex.org/W2023903897","https://openalex.org/W2028276896","https://openalex.org/W2033388805","https://openalex.org/W2046035659","https://openalex.org/W2068284374","https://openalex.org/W2076967717","https://openalex.org/W2088858431","https://openalex.org/W2107037784","https://openalex.org/W2141357419","https://openalex.org/W2141950624","https://openalex.org/W2144186115","https://openalex.org/W2157546114","https://openalex.org/W2168388225","https://openalex.org/W2413471446","https://openalex.org/W4300847134"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971673826","https://openalex.org/W2046910096","https://openalex.org/W2189994874","https://openalex.org/W2141950624","https://openalex.org/W4241033721","https://openalex.org/W3161530306","https://openalex.org/W7070303860","https://openalex.org/W2947504191","https://openalex.org/W2941726016","https://openalex.org/W2105281697"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0],"has":[1],"been":[2],"proposed":[3],"that":[4,199],"high":[5,42,48,205,220,258],"exercise":[6,97,267],"loads":[7],"increase":[8],"the":[9,23,36,55,66,76,94,169,277,282],"risk":[10],"of":[11,38,50,54,59,72,85,96,148,154,172,237,260],"infection,":[12],"most":[13],"frequently":[14],"reported":[15,170],"as":[16],"upper":[17],"respiratory":[18],"tract":[19],"infections,":[20],"by":[21,90,103,181],"suppressing":[22],"immune":[24,228,234],"system.":[25],"Most":[26],"athletes":[27,102,119,202,230,272],"will":[28],"not":[29,79,174],"train":[30,81],"when":[31,75,241],"experiencing":[32],"sickness":[33,73,178],"due":[34,82,176],"to":[35,64,80,83,145,168,177],"fear":[37],"health":[39],"complications.":[40],"However,":[41],"training":[43,98,107,150,155,175,206,221,268],"volumes":[44,95,207,222],"are":[45,281],"incompatible":[46,255],"with":[47,256],"rates":[49],"non-training":[51],"days,":[52],"regardless":[53],"cause.":[56],"The":[57,113,152],"purpose":[58],"this":[60],"observational":[61],"study":[62],"was":[63,163],"examine":[65],"relationship":[67],"between":[68,264],"self-reported,":[69],"exercise-constraining":[70],"days":[71,173],"(days":[74],"athlete":[77],"decided":[78],"symptoms":[84],"disease,":[86],"either":[87],"self-reported":[88],"or":[89],"a":[91,146,182,257],"physician)":[92],"and":[93,127,134,165,223,245,266],"in":[99,130,250],"elite":[100,117,200,271],"endurance":[101,118,201,251],"analyzing":[104],"data":[105],"from":[106,140],"logs":[108,138],"kept":[109],"for":[110],"several":[111],"years.":[112,151],"subjects":[114,143],"included":[115],"11":[116,142],"(8":[120],"male,":[121],"3":[122],"female)":[123],"competing":[124],"at":[125],"national":[126],"international":[128],"levels":[129],"cross-country":[131],"skiing,":[132],"biathlon":[133],"long-distance":[135],"running.":[136],"Training":[137],"available":[139],"these":[141],"added":[144],"total":[147],"61":[149],"number":[153,171],"hours":[156],"per":[157],"year":[158],"(462,":[159],"79-856;":[160],"median,":[161],"range)":[162],"significantly":[164],"negatively":[166],"correlated":[167],"(15,":[179],"0-164)":[180],"3(rd)":[183],"degree":[184],"polynomial":[185],"regression":[186],"(R(2)":[187],"=":[188,192],"0.48,":[189],"F":[190],"ratio":[191],"18,":[193],"p":[194],"<":[195],"0.0001).":[196],"We":[197],"conclude":[198],"can":[203,285],"achieve":[204],"only":[208],"if":[209],"they":[210],"also":[211,240],"experience":[212],"few":[213],"sick-days.":[214],"Key":[215],"pointsTop":[216],"level":[217],"performance":[218],"demands":[219],"intensities,":[224],"which":[225],"may":[226],"compromise":[227],"function.Elite":[229],"must":[231],"have":[232],"an":[233],"system":[235],"capable":[236],"intact":[238],"function":[239],"under":[242],"sever":[243],"physiological":[244],"psychological":[246],"stress.Elite":[247],"performance,":[248],"especially":[249],"sports,":[252],"is":[253,273],"therefore":[254],"rate":[259],"infections.A":[261],"negative":[262],"correlation":[263],"infections":[265],"load":[269],"among":[270],"consequently":[274],"observed":[275],"-":[276],"less":[278],"sick":[279],"you":[280,284],"more":[283],"train.":[286]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}