{"id":"https://openalex.org/W109475702","doi":null,"title":"THE CRITICAL ROLE OF CD4+ TH CELLS IN CD8+ CTL RESPONSES AND ANTI-TUMOR IMMUNITY","display_name":"THE CRITICAL ROLE OF CD4+ TH CELLS IN CD8+ CTL RESPONSES AND ANTI-TUMOR IMMUNITY","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W109475702","mag":"109475702"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:109475702","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://harvest.usask.ca/bitstream/10388/ETD-2012-04-424/3/SOKKE-UMESHAPPA-DISSERTATION.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026835585","display_name":"Channakeshava Sokke Umeshappa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9867-2141","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9867-2141"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Channakeshava Sokke Umeshappa","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9867-2141","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026835585"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.01016026,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10031","display_name":"T-cell and B-cell Immunology","score":0.5551999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10031","display_name":"T-cell and B-cell Immunology","score":0.5551999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10580","display_name":"Immunotherapy and Immune Responses","score":0.44209998846054077,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10158","display_name":"Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cd4-t-cells","display_name":"CD4+ T cells","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cytotoxic-cd8-t-cells","display_name":"CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antitumor-immunity","display_name":"antitumor immunity","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dendritic-cell-immunization","display_name":"dendritic cell immunization","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/il-2-signaling","display_name":"IL-2 signaling","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/central-memory-t-cells","display_name":"central memory T cells","score":0.5960000157356262}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147969180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5014579","display_name":"CTL*","level":4,"score":0.8875097036361694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154317977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376266","display_name":"Cytotoxic T cell","level":3,"score":0.7891827821731567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.7190028429031372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167672396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q417800","display_name":"CD8","level":3,"score":0.5893778204917908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.5780760645866394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1415366","display_name":"Immunization","level":3,"score":0.5500414371490479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776090121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193529","display_name":"T cell","level":3,"score":0.4455549716949463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67662055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1047791","display_name":"Antigen-presenting cell","level":4,"score":0.4299785792827606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147483822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103537","display_name":"Antigen","level":2,"score":0.42221683263778687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4154578447341919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202751555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681","display_name":"In vitro","level":2,"score":0.08137765526771545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.058883875608444214}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:109475702","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://harvest.usask.ca/bitstream/10388/ETD-2012-04-424/3/SOKKE-UMESHAPPA-DISSERTATION.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9391000270843506}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":187,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W196403999","https://openalex.org/W1484491614","https://openalex.org/W1493822493","https://openalex.org/W1501518736","https://openalex.org/W1508500317","https://openalex.org/W1508686570","https://openalex.org/W1508756175","https://openalex.org/W1510017371","https://openalex.org/W1520006146","https://openalex.org/W1521448911","https://openalex.org/W1522366982","https://openalex.org/W1525863788","https://openalex.org/W1553741573","https://openalex.org/W1553930672","https://openalex.org/W1557613198","https://openalex.org/W1573410074","https://openalex.org/W1574076960","https://openalex.org/W1576811007","https://openalex.org/W1579292963","https://openalex.org/W1582627386","https://openalex.org/W1602986529","https://openalex.org/W1617718621","https://openalex.org/W1644953918","https://openalex.org/W1653477942","https://openalex.org/W1667620412","https://openalex.org/W1669165205","https://openalex.org/W1673532903","https://openalex.org/W1676372743","https://openalex.org/W1678167583","https://openalex.org/W1704370583","https://openalex.org/W1725537921","https://openalex.org/W1790877029","https://openalex.org/W1792678920","https://openalex.org/W1806299706","https://openalex.org/W1853416353","https://openalex.org/W1869945334","https://openalex.org/W1879051635","https://openalex.org/W1883998319","https://openalex.org/W1907974286","https://openalex.org/W1909678629","https://openalex.org/W1923875548","https://openalex.org/W1963241606","https://openalex.org/W1964741953","https://openalex.org/W1966797790","https://openalex.org/W1969517762","https://openalex.org/W1971886057","https://openalex.org/W1972258033","https://openalex.org/W1975812983","https://openalex.org/W1977020088","https://openalex.org/W1979402779","https://openalex.org/W1980206212","https://openalex.org/W1981659382","https://openalex.org/W1982670464","https://openalex.org/W1982850235","https://openalex.org/W1983918344","https://openalex.org/W1984781939","https://openalex.org/W1985182657","https://openalex.org/W1986222655","https://openalex.org/W1988486780","https://openalex.org/W1994453856","https://openalex.org/W1997479198","https://openalex.org/W1998830992","https://openalex.org/W1999341950","https://openalex.org/W1999755878","https://openalex.org/W2001656273","https://openalex.org/W2002567532","https://openalex.org/W2004720912","https://openalex.org/W2005154465","https://openalex.org/W2008667095","https://openalex.org/W2014161666","https://openalex.org/W2016802165","https://openalex.org/W2021750859","https://openalex.org/W2023038954","https://openalex.org/W2023879035","https://openalex.org/W2026886673","https://openalex.org/W2027434623","https://openalex.org/W2033252167","https://openalex.org/W2035319606","https://openalex.org/W2041083837","https://openalex.org/W2041658172","https://openalex.org/W2041670467","https://openalex.org/W2041966064","https://openalex.org/W2042269543","https://openalex.org/W2051258912","https://openalex.org/W2051282088","https://openalex.org/W2051539436","https://openalex.org/W2052051609","https://openalex.org/W2053267300","https://openalex.org/W2057364190","https://openalex.org/W2057893105","https://openalex.org/W2059400989","https://openalex.org/W2059849106","https://openalex.org/W2060828809","https://openalex.org/W2061699947","https://openalex.org/W2064876347","https://openalex.org/W2066369312","https://openalex.org/W2067271905","https://openalex.org/W2067422236","https://openalex.org/W2068326178","https://openalex.org/W2068574639","https://openalex.org/W2069307120","https://openalex.org/W2070794029","https://openalex.org/W2071941388","https://openalex.org/W2073541555","https://openalex.org/W2076121010","https://openalex.org/W2076534074","https://openalex.org/W2076826583","https://openalex.org/W2079416602","https://openalex.org/W2081061928","https://openalex.org/W2085345039","https://openalex.org/W2088438876","https://openalex.org/W2090409725","https://openalex.org/W2094599199","https://openalex.org/W2095862992","https://openalex.org/W2101128084","https://openalex.org/W2101889937","https://openalex.org/W2102084617","https://openalex.org/W2102128760","https://openalex.org/W2102264469","https://openalex.org/W2104851804","https://openalex.org/W2105074631","https://openalex.org/W2105382508","https://openalex.org/W2106511557","https://openalex.org/W2108914685","https://openalex.org/W2108948157","https://openalex.org/W2109865134","https://openalex.org/W2110459643","https://openalex.org/W2110629166","https://openalex.org/W2111784784","https://openalex.org/W2113329403","https://openalex.org/W2115408190","https://openalex.org/W2115672176","https://openalex.org/W2117302579","https://openalex.org/W2119900303","https://openalex.org/W2119930671","https://openalex.org/W2120108242","https://openalex.org/W2121753159","https://openalex.org/W2122194398","https://openalex.org/W2123248102","https://openalex.org/W2123308445","https://openalex.org/W2125163888","https://openalex.org/W2126019708","https://openalex.org/W2126435004","https://openalex.org/W2129860342","https://openalex.org/W2129971278","https://openalex.org/W2131905612","https://openalex.org/W2133255811","https://openalex.org/W2133629652","https://openalex.org/W2134589333","https://openalex.org/W2136618778","https://openalex.org/W2137676632","https://openalex.org/W2137982423","https://openalex.org/W2139640891","https://openalex.org/W2141930618","https://openalex.org/W2143113338","https://openalex.org/W2144122733","https://openalex.org/W2144195944","https://openalex.org/W2145850791","https://openalex.org/W2146641952","https://openalex.org/W2147028076","https://openalex.org/W2148360952","https://openalex.org/W2148817537","https://openalex.org/W2148896940","https://openalex.org/W2149288393","https://openalex.org/W2149764521","https://openalex.org/W2150545218","https://openalex.org/W2150753482","https://openalex.org/W2151902657","https://openalex.org/W2153670011","https://openalex.org/W2155025120","https://openalex.org/W2155913908","https://openalex.org/W2156278103","https://openalex.org/W2157678552","https://openalex.org/W2158068102","https://openalex.org/W2158573399","https://openalex.org/W2164541233","https://openalex.org/W2166835758","https://openalex.org/W2167297241","https://openalex.org/W2170341917","https://openalex.org/W2170719927","https://openalex.org/W2171709731","https://openalex.org/W2171986697","https://openalex.org/W2214620900","https://openalex.org/W2394947755","https://openalex.org/W2410721532","https://openalex.org/W2588755915","https://openalex.org/W2886274086"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1725537921","https://openalex.org/W2098408784","https://openalex.org/W4313348133","https://openalex.org/W2037270377","https://openalex.org/W1591146540","https://openalex.org/W2113329403","https://openalex.org/W4313350039","https://openalex.org/W7155609793","https://openalex.org/W2140341972","https://openalex.org/W4388400864"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,30,231,326],"goal":[1],"of":[2,5,32,45,48,68,83,103,109,127,188,198,216,288,308,337,385,396,406,411],"this":[3,189],"body":[4],"research":[6],"was":[7],"to":[8,42,61,122,152,170,193,282,316,342,426],"elucidate":[9],"the":[10,66,79,101,107,124,196,212,305],"mechanism":[11],"by":[12,228],"which":[13,150,162],"CD4+":[14,49,56,69,84,110,128,172,200,217,295],"T":[15,22,50,57,70,85,111,129,173,201,218,280,296],"cells":[16,71,112,130,202,223,281,297,301],"provide":[17,153],"help":[18,86,442],"for":[19,115,131],"CD8+":[20,117,133,205,279],"cytotoxic":[21],"lymphocyte":[23],"(CTL)":[24],"responses":[25],"in":[26,53,76,183,226,234,243,254,302,329],"different":[27,177],"immunization":[28,138],"types.":[29],"establishment":[31],"diseases,":[33,78],"such":[34],"as":[35],"chronic":[36],"infections":[37,104],"and":[38,81,87,156,186,267,270,319,360,367,377,398,400,409],"cancers,":[39],"is":[40,72,389],"attributed":[41],"severe":[43],"loss":[44],"or":[46,105,349],"dysfunctions":[47],"cells.":[51],"Even":[52],"acute":[54],"infections,":[55],"cell":[58,147],"deficiency":[59],"leads":[60],"poor":[62],"memory":[63,292,371,436],"responses.":[64,119,207,310],"While":[65],"role":[67,336],"being":[73],"increasingly":[74],"appreciated":[75],"these":[77],"timing":[80],"nature":[82],"associated":[88],"molecular":[89],"mechanisms":[90,346],"are":[91],"not":[92,241],"completely":[93],"understood.":[94],"Growing":[95],"evidence":[96],"suggests":[97],"that,":[98],"depending":[99],"on":[100],"type":[102],"immunizations,":[106],"requirements":[108],"can":[113],"vary":[114],"optimal":[116,132,204],"CTL":[118,134,206,309,365],"In":[120,311,352],"order":[121],"understand":[123,195],"modulatory":[125],"effects":[126],"responses,":[135,247],"two":[136],"distinct":[137],"types":[139],"were":[140,191,314,423],"chosen.":[141],"These":[142],"include:":[143],"1)":[144],"non-inflammatory":[145],"dendritic":[146],"(DC)":[148],"immunization,":[149,161],"fails":[151],"inflammatory/danger":[154,165],"signals;":[155],"2)":[157],"inflammatory":[158,178],"adenovirus":[159],"(AdV)":[160],"provides":[163],"profound":[164],"signals.":[166],"This":[167,208],"allowed":[168],"us":[169],"study":[171,232],"cell\u2019s":[174],"participation":[175],"under":[176,439],"conditions.":[179],"\n\nThe":[180],"studies":[181],"described":[182,233,328],"Chapters":[184],"2":[185,236],"3":[187,331],"thesis":[190],"performed":[192],"further":[194],"concept":[197],"how":[199],"mediate":[203],"has":[209],"been":[210],"called":[211],"\u201cnew":[213],"dynamic":[214],"model":[215],"helper":[219],"\u2013":[220],"antigen":[221],"(Ag)-presenting":[222],"(Th-APCs),\u201d":[224],"proposed":[225],"2005":[227],"our":[229,353],"laboratory.":[230],"Chapter":[235,330],"shows":[237],"that":[238,382],"Th-APCs":[239,276,313],"participate":[240],"only":[242],"augmenting":[244,304],"CTL-mediated":[245],"immune":[246],"perhaps":[248,258],"during":[249,259],"early":[250],"phase,":[251],"but":[252],"also":[253,424],"regulating":[255],"cellular":[256],"immunity,":[257],"a":[260,333],"later":[261],"phase.":[262],"Through":[263],"enhanced":[264,364,392],"IL-2,":[265,359],"CD80":[266],"CD40L":[268],"singnaling,":[269],"weaker":[271],"peptideMHC":[272],"I":[273],"(pMHC)":[274],"signaling,":[275,363],"stimulated":[277],"naive":[278],"differentiate":[283],"into":[284,369],"effector":[285],"CTLs,":[286],"capable":[287],"developing":[289],"into,":[290],"central":[291],"CTLs.":[293,372],"Th-APC-stimulated":[294],"behaved":[298],"like":[299],"Th":[300,355,386],"function,":[303],"overall":[306],"magnitude":[307],"contrast,":[312],"able":[315,425],"kill":[317],"DCs":[318],"other":[320],"Th-APCs,":[321],"predominantly":[322],"through":[323],"perforin-mediated":[324],"pathway.":[325],"experiments":[327],"revealed":[332],"novel":[334],"co-operative":[335],"cognate":[338,440],"Th-CTL":[339],"interactions,":[340],"contrary":[341],"previously":[343],"known":[344],"immune-regulatory":[345],"among":[347],"Th-Th":[348],"CTL-CTL":[350],"interactions.":[351],"experiments,":[354],"cells,":[356],"via":[357],"CD40L,":[358],"acquired":[361],"pMHC-I":[362],"survival":[366,384,444],"transition":[368],"functional":[370],"Moreover,":[373],"RT-PCR,":[374],"flow":[375],"cytometry":[376],"western":[378],"blot":[379],"analysis":[380],"demonstrate":[381],"increased":[383],"cell-helped":[387],"CTLs":[388,422,437],"matched":[390],"with":[391,404],"Akt1/NF-\u03baB":[393],"activation,":[394],"down-regulation":[395,410],"FasL":[397],"TRAIL,":[399],"altered":[401],"expression":[402],"profiles":[403],"up-regulation":[405],"prosurvival":[407],"(Bcl-2)":[408],"proapoptotic":[412],"(NFATc1,":[413],"Bcl-10,":[414],"Casp-3,":[415],"Casp-4,":[416],"Casp-7)":[417],"genes/":[418],"molecules.":[419],"Finally,":[420],"helped":[421],"induce":[427],"protection":[428],"against":[429],"highly":[430],"metastasizing":[431],"tumor":[432],"challenge,":[433],"explaining":[434],"why":[435],"generated":[438],"Th1\u2019s":[441],"show":[443],"and\u2026":[445]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T04:12:42.849631","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
