{"id":"https://openalex.org/W109205994","doi":null,"title":"Papers or Patents: Channels of University Effect on Regional Innovation","display_name":"Papers or Patents: Channels of University Effect on Regional Innovation","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W109205994","mag":"109205994"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:109205994","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=3051335","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306508268","display_name":"Documentos de trabajo ( FEDEA )","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Documentos de trabajo ( FEDEA )","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026337596","display_name":"Robin Cowan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robin Cowan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000213792","display_name":"Natalia Zinovyeva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8449-6519","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8449-6519"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Natalia Zinovyeva","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8449-6519","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.0567,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97092943,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":"20","first_page":"1","last_page":"38"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13276","display_name":"University-Industry-Government Innovation Models","score":0.30959999561309814,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13276","display_name":"University-Industry-Government Innovation Models","score":0.30959999561309814,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10856","display_name":"Intellectual Property and Patents","score":0.17569999396800995,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12851","display_name":"Firm Innovation and Growth","score":0.164900004863739,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/university-research","display_name":"university research","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-innovation","display_name":"regional innovation","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patents","display_name":"patents","score":0.5929999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/academic-publications","display_name":"academic publications","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/university-industry-collaboration","display_name":"university-industry collaboration","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/innovation-systems","display_name":"innovation systems","score":0.6520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/italy","display_name":"Italy","score":0.33899998664855957}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5244429707527161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.43070077896118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148383697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1781695","display_name":"Regional science","level":1,"score":0.39350974559783936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.3741346001625061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2011989951133728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:109205994","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=3051335","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306508268","display_name":"Documentos de trabajo ( FEDEA )","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Documentos de trabajo ( FEDEA )","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.8970999717712402},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.6452000141143799}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6700000166893005}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1487491014","https://openalex.org/W1539809216","https://openalex.org/W1582132356","https://openalex.org/W1973628995","https://openalex.org/W1981344453","https://openalex.org/W1988202357","https://openalex.org/W1988247859","https://openalex.org/W2032597085","https://openalex.org/W2034091845","https://openalex.org/W2044263375","https://openalex.org/W2063438252","https://openalex.org/W2091122854","https://openalex.org/W2096968483","https://openalex.org/W2097592255","https://openalex.org/W2119450572","https://openalex.org/W2124758339","https://openalex.org/W2128543716","https://openalex.org/W2132835719","https://openalex.org/W2146034577","https://openalex.org/W2159956812","https://openalex.org/W2165429918","https://openalex.org/W2401615420","https://openalex.org/W2891782533","https://openalex.org/W3023075728","https://openalex.org/W3121216328","https://openalex.org/W3124008157","https://openalex.org/W3124567902"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1769730038","https://openalex.org/W1539496742","https://openalex.org/W2004040347","https://openalex.org/W1565065679","https://openalex.org/W2586218715","https://openalex.org/W2727891677","https://openalex.org/W2792131433","https://openalex.org/W1871527663","https://openalex.org/W2006926316","https://openalex.org/W7095442649"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"analyzes":[2],"empirically":[3],"the":[4,16,65,79,84,97,104,128],"channels":[5],"through":[6],"which":[7,127],"university":[8,40],"re-search":[9],"affects":[10],"industry":[11],"innovation.":[12],"We":[13,33],"examine":[14],"how":[15],"opening":[17,52],"of":[18,37,53,67,83,86,101,109,123,126],"new":[19,39,55,88],"science,":[20],"medicine":[21],"and":[22,99,114],"engineering":[23],"departments":[24],"in":[25,64,96],"Italy":[26],"during":[27],"1985-2000":[28],"affected":[29],"regional":[30,43,71],"innovation":[31,44],"systems.":[32],"find":[34],"that":[35,74],"creation":[36],"a":[38,54,60,87],"department":[41,56],"increased":[42],"activity":[45],"3-4":[46],"years":[47],"later.":[48],"On":[49],"average,":[50],"an":[51],"has":[57],"led":[58],"to":[59,94,133],"twenty":[61],"percent":[62,122],"change":[63],"number":[66],"patents":[68,115],"filed":[69],"by":[70],"firms.":[72],"Given":[73],"this":[75,124],"effect":[76],"occurs":[77],"within":[78],"first":[80],"half":[81],"decade":[82],"appearance":[85],"department,":[89],"it":[90],"cannot":[91],"be":[92],"ascribed":[93],"improvements":[95],"quality":[98],"quantity":[100],"graduates.":[102],"At":[103],"same":[105],"time,":[106],"traditional":[107],"measures":[108],"academic":[110],"research":[111],"activity\n{":[112],"publications":[113],"{":[116],"can":[117],"explain":[118],"at":[119],"most":[120],"50":[121],"effect,":[125],"lion's":[129],"share":[130],"is":[131],"due":[132],"publications.":[134]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}