{"id":"https://openalex.org/W109049244","doi":null,"title":"Optimal inflorescence size for pollination in Prunella vulgaris.","display_name":"Optimal inflorescence size for pollination in Prunella vulgaris.","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W109049244","mag":"109049244"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:deepblue.lib.umich.edu:2027.42/54270","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/54270","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400393","display_name":"Deep Blue (University of Michigan)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","host_organization_name":"University of Michigan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Working Paper"},"volume":null,"type":"report","is_traditional":false,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Sarah Fox","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5156-7830","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5156-7830"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarah Fox","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5156-7830","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042558406","display_name":"K. Gietzen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin Gietzen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072443651","display_name":"Laura LaZebnik","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laura LaZebnik","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049446520","display_name":"David West","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David West","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10487","display_name":"Plant and animal studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10487","display_name":"Plant and animal studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10702","display_name":"Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10135","display_name":"Insect-Plant Interactions and Control","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prunella-vulgaris","display_name":"Prunella vulgaris","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inflorescence-size","display_name":"inflorescence size","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pollination","display_name":"pollination","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bumblebees","display_name":"bumblebees","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pollen-limitation","display_name":"pollen limitation","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tongue-length","display_name":"tongue length","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/floral-morphology","display_name":"flower morphology","score":0.4699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-pollinator-interactions","display_name":"plant-pollinator interactions","score":0.7250000238418579}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178165689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156428","display_name":"Inflorescence","level":2,"score":0.8478307723999023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168197293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134624","display_name":"Pollination","level":3,"score":0.6366092562675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4665166139602661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.36489513516426086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.3347332179546356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780618852","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79932","display_name":"Pollen","level":2,"score":0.29631251096725464}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:deepblue.lib.umich.edu:2027.42/54270","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/54270","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400393","display_name":"Deep Blue (University of Michigan)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","host_organization_name":"University of Michigan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Working Paper"},{"id":"mag:109049244","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/handle/2027.42/54270","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967953299","https://openalex.org/W2063092364","https://openalex.org/W80994269","https://openalex.org/W2319493544","https://openalex.org/W2328381913","https://openalex.org/W1951949923","https://openalex.org/W4310554186","https://openalex.org/W4317036598","https://openalex.org/W3171880515","https://openalex.org/W2152366344"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Using":[0],"a":[1,81,177,187],"patch":[2],"of":[3,6,13,33,44,55,64,75,83,106,134,180],"the":[4,22,27,38,40,42,49,53,60,62,69,73,116,147,153,157,206],"inflorescences":[5],"Prunella":[7],"vulgaris":[8,89,128,141,163,192],"we":[9,36,124],"observed":[10,111],"visitation":[11,56],"sequences":[12],"fourteen":[14],"individual":[15],"bees":[16,175],"(Bombus":[17],"vagans)":[18],"to":[19,159],"determine":[20],"if":[21],"plant's":[23],"characteristics":[24],"have":[25,165],"influenced":[26],"bee's":[28],"behavior.":[29],"Through":[30],"statistical":[31],"analysis":[32],"our":[34,100,184],"data":[35],"show":[37],"following:":[39],"greater":[41,61,70],"number":[43,63,74],"flowers":[45,65],"on":[46,66],"an":[47,67,103,166],"inflorescence,":[48,68],"higher":[50],"will":[51,71],"be":[52,72],"rate":[54],"by":[57,146,172],"Bombus":[58,198],"vagans;":[59],"probes":[76],"per":[77],"visit.":[78],"We":[79],"derive":[80],"prediction":[82],"optimal":[84,104,167],"inflorescence":[85,105,112,168],"size":[86,113,169],"for":[87,170,189],"P.":[88,98,127,140,162,191],"from":[90],"these":[91],"data.":[92],"Assuming":[93],"one":[94],"probe":[95],"sufficiently":[96],"pollinates":[97],"vulgaris,":[99],"results":[101,185],"predict":[102],"five.":[107],"The":[108],"most":[109],"commonly":[110],"was":[114,118,142],"six,":[115],"mean":[117],"18.0":[119],"(s.d.":[120],"=":[121],"12.4).":[122],"However,":[123],"found":[125],"that":[126,139],"is":[129,201],"severely":[130],"pollen":[131],"limited;":[132],"measurement":[133],"B.":[135],"vagans":[136],"tongues":[137],"proved":[138],"not":[143],"being":[144],"pollinated":[145],"bee":[148],"because":[149],"tongue":[150,199],"length":[151,200],"prevented":[152],"contact":[154],"necessary":[155],"with":[156],"stigmas":[158],"insure":[160],"pollination.":[161],"may":[164],"pollination":[171],"short-tongued":[173],"bumble":[174],"in":[176,194],"different":[178],"part":[179],"its":[181],"range.":[182],"Consequently,":[183],"provide":[186],"model":[188],"other":[190],"patches":[193],"southern":[195],"states":[196],"where":[197],"shorter":[202],"and":[203],"they":[204],"are":[205],"main":[207],"pollinator.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
