{"id":"https://openalex.org/W106891889","doi":null,"title":"Constraint imperative programming","display_name":"Constraint imperative programming","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W106891889","mag":"106891889"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:106891889","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=144564","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086759325","display_name":"Bjorn N. Freeman-Benson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bjorn Freeman\u2010Benson","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington , Seattle"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington , Seattle","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086759325"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.6373,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95612708,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imperative-programming","display_name":"imperative programming","score":0.4339999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/declarative-programming","display_name":"declarative programming","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint-programming","display_name":"constraint programming","score":0.5450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-flow","display_name":"control flow","score":0.5379999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-semantics","display_name":"language semantics","score":0.6449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-design","display_name":"language design","score":0.5429999828338623}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7407327890396118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.7137144207954407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199305712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3205914","display_name":"Fifth-generation programming language","level":3,"score":0.6174535751342773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173404611","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q528588","display_name":"Constraint programming","level":3,"score":0.6123001575469971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146206909","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q531152","display_name":"Declarative programming","level":4,"score":0.5892868638038635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34165917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188267","display_name":"Programming paradigm","level":2,"score":0.5496023893356323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18701968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2670534","display_name":"Programming language theory","level":4,"score":0.46799322962760925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50033165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15712089","display_name":"Inductive programming","level":3,"score":0.4455568790435791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74149592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q762446","display_name":"Comparison of multi-paradigm programming languages","level":5,"score":0.43628543615341187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96315309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5508829","display_name":"Functional logic programming","level":4,"score":0.42867034673690796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.420432984828949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13516473770141602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137631369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7617831","display_name":"Stochastic programming","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:106891889","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=144564","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1518554892","https://openalex.org/W7099298485","https://openalex.org/W4240777171","https://openalex.org/W2103729840","https://openalex.org/W137102142","https://openalex.org/W2085158159","https://openalex.org/W7096416119","https://openalex.org/W7095219311","https://openalex.org/W7096925273","https://openalex.org/W1589305034"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Two":[0],"major":[1],"programming":[2,33,52],"language":[3,53],"paradigms":[4,18,48],"are":[5,24,64,76,113],"the":[6,44,67,79,161],"imperative":[7,45,68,118,155],"and":[8,46,61,94,167],"declarative":[9,47,80],"ones.":[10],"Software":[11],"engineers":[12],"typically":[13],"use":[14],"concepts":[15],"from":[16,43,66,78],"both":[17],"when":[19],"designing":[20],"a":[21,31,50,90,144,150,158,168],"system,":[22],"yet":[23],"forced":[25],"to":[26,128],"implement":[27],"those":[28],"ideas":[29],"in":[30,49,97,131],"single-paradigm":[32],"language.":[34],"This":[35,82,106,147],"dissertation":[36,83,107,148],"presents":[37],"an":[38],"integration":[39],"of":[40,153,160],"specific":[41],"features":[42],"new":[51],"framework:":[54],"Constraint":[55,154],"Imperative":[56],"Programming.":[57],"Explicit":[58],"control":[59],"flow":[60],"destructive":[62],"assignment":[63],"taken":[65,77],"paradigm.":[69,81,146],"Explicit,":[70],"system-maintained":[71],"constraints":[72],"(i.e.,":[73],"data":[74],"relations)":[75],"claims":[84,109],"that":[85,95,110],"this":[86,98],"integrated":[87],"framework":[88,99],"has":[89],"clean,":[91],"well-defined":[92],"semantics,":[93],"languages":[96,112],"can":[100],"be":[101,129],"implemented":[102],"with":[103],"reasonable":[104],"efficiency.":[105],"further":[108],"these":[111],"more":[114],"expressive":[115],"than":[116,139],"purely":[117,120],"or":[119],"constraint":[121],"languages,":[122,166],"because":[123],"they":[124],"allow":[125],"each":[126],"concept":[127],"expressed":[130],"whichever":[132],"fundamental":[133],"paradigm":[134],"is":[135],"most":[136],"suitable,":[137],"rather":[138],"forcing":[140],"them":[141],"all":[142],"into":[143],"single":[145],"includes":[149],"semantic":[151],"definition":[152],"Programming":[156],"(CIP),":[157],"discussion":[159],"design":[162],"issues":[163],"for":[164],"CIP":[165],"proof-of-concept":[169],"implementation:":[170],"Kaleidoscope":[171],"90.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
