{"id":"https://openalex.org/W106802013","doi":null,"title":"Medical student, physician, and public perceptions of health care disparities.","display_name":"Medical student, physician, and public perceptions of health care disparities.","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W106802013","mag":"106802013","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15531986"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:15531986","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15531986","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Family medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Elisabeth Wilson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180670191","display_name":"University of California, San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/043mz5j54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elisabeth Wilson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94110, USA. ewilson@itsa.ucsf.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94110, USA. ewilson@itsa.ucsf.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075053412","display_name":"Kevin Grumbach","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7809-214X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7809-214X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin Grumbach","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074296706","display_name":"Jeffrey A. Huebner","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeffrey Huebner","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jaya Agrawal","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaya Agrawal","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008854587","display_name":"Andrew B. Bindman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6161-0609","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6161-0609"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew B Bindman","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1871,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86982639,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"10","first_page":"715","last_page":"21"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12194","display_name":"Cultural Competency in Health Care","score":0.8291000127792358,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12194","display_name":"Cultural Competency in Health Care","score":0.8291000127792358,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10843","display_name":"Diversity and Career in Medicine","score":0.13459999859333038,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10235","display_name":"Health disparities and outcomes","score":0.01360000018030405,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care-disparities","display_name":"health care disparities","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-students","display_name":"medical students","score":0.5830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physicians-perceptions","display_name":"physician perceptions","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-perception","display_name":"public perception","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-and-ethnic-disparities","display_name":"racial and ethnic disparities","score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insurance-status","display_name":"insurance status","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-barriers","display_name":"language barriers","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workplace-diversity","display_name":"workplace diversity","score":0.6269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-competence","display_name":"cultural competence","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-education","display_name":"medical education","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acculturation","display_name":"acculturation","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minority-medical-students","display_name":"minority medical students","score":0.7670000195503235}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137403100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic group","level":2,"score":0.6682471036911011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778139618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13440398","display_name":"Workforce","level":2,"score":0.5855000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47177190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207137","display_name":"Curriculum","level":2,"score":0.5469723343849182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2250968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1512929","display_name":"Health equity","level":3,"score":0.546576738357544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.5152742862701416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.5126868486404419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.4948505759239197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781316041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230584","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","level":2,"score":0.4913393557071686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.4623853266239166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90048612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192989","display_name":"Acculturation","level":3,"score":0.45095670223236084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169536714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1666159","display_name":"Cultural competence","level":2,"score":0.4384850859642029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.43103542923927307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125209646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1338878","display_name":"Cultural diversity","level":2,"score":0.42988860607147217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100521375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2015382","display_name":"Competence (human resources)","level":2,"score":0.41257452964782715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4040166437625885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.3545118570327759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.34310591220855713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.13102266192436218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.09086677432060242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001291","descriptor_name":"Attitude of Health Personnel","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001294","descriptor_name":"Attitude to Health","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006297","descriptor_name":"Health Services Accessibility","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006301","descriptor_name":"Health Services Needs and Demand","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007348","descriptor_name":"Insurance, Health","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010820","descriptor_name":"Physicians","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011203","descriptor_name":"Poverty","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011639","descriptor_name":"Public Opinion","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011795","descriptor_name":"Surveys and Questionnaires","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012923","descriptor_name":"Social Class","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012935","descriptor_name":"Social Justice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012959","descriptor_name":"Socioeconomic Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013337","descriptor_name":"Students, Medical","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017057","descriptor_name":"Medically Uninsured","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019538","descriptor_name":"Health Care Surveys","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:15531986","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15531986","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Family medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.library.georgetown.edu:10822/987091","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://worldcatlibraries.org/registry/gateway?version=1.0&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&atitle=Medical+student,+physician,+and+public+perceptions+of+health+care+disparities&title=Family+Medicine+&volume=36&issue=10&spage=715-721&date=2004-11&au=Wilson,+Elisabeth;+Grumbach,+Kevin;+Huebner,+Jeffrey;+Agrawal,+Jaya;+Bindman,+Andrew+B.","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402467","display_name":"DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210145449","host_organization_name":"Center for Security and Emerging Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"eweb:277407","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:106802013","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15531986","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"},{"score":0.8048999905586243,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"score":0.6164000034332275,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1533887339","https://openalex.org/W1550085905","https://openalex.org/W1918881530","https://openalex.org/W1996888198","https://openalex.org/W2001371486","https://openalex.org/W2005357096","https://openalex.org/W2009553377","https://openalex.org/W2012827549","https://openalex.org/W2024214416","https://openalex.org/W2035567255","https://openalex.org/W2036840086","https://openalex.org/W2042572308","https://openalex.org/W2048244154","https://openalex.org/W2056717805","https://openalex.org/W2064592897","https://openalex.org/W2077286929","https://openalex.org/W2086301546","https://openalex.org/W2140920266","https://openalex.org/W2317610227","https://openalex.org/W4240817073"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7099491512","https://openalex.org/W2910839465","https://openalex.org/W4386429823","https://openalex.org/W2967629992","https://openalex.org/W2094885769","https://openalex.org/W279934799","https://openalex.org/W2891769781","https://openalex.org/W2993876822","https://openalex.org/W2022764643","https://openalex.org/W1996121854"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVES:":[0],"This":[1],"study":[2,75],"investigates":[3],"first-":[4],"and":[5,14,22,58,71,83,96,114,128,153,173,184,227],"fourth-year":[6,112,115],"medical":[7,35,106,126,145,155,170,212,225],"students'":[8,78],"perceptions":[9,17,199],"about":[10,80],"health":[11,47,165,217],"care":[12,48,166,218],"disparities":[13,219],"compares":[15],"their":[16,135],"with":[18,63],"those":[19],"of":[20,30,34,43,69,103,144,160,193,200,208,224],"physicians":[21,70,95,129,185],"the":[23,46,72,97,164,174,206,211,222],"public.":[24,73],"METHODS:":[25],"We":[26],"conducted":[27],"an":[28],"analysis":[29],"a":[31],"national":[32],"survey":[33],"students":[36,89,107,116,127,146,183],"that":[37,198],"included":[38],"questions":[39],"addressing":[40],"unfair":[41,101,123,140,161,201],"treatment":[42,102,162,202],"patients":[44],"in":[45,163],"system":[49,167],"based":[50],"on":[51],"insurance":[52],"status,":[53],"money,":[54],"English":[55],"language":[56],"ability,":[57],"race/ethnicity.":[59],"Results":[60],"were":[61,90,108,130],"compared":[62],"previously":[64],"collected":[65],"data":[66],"from":[67],"surveys":[68],"The":[74,142],"also":[76],"analyzed":[77],"opinions":[79],"workforce":[81,156],"diversity":[82],"cultural":[84],"competence":[85],"curricula.":[86],"RESULTS:":[87],"Medical":[88],"generally":[91,131],"more":[92,109,117,132,148,187],"likely":[93,110,118,133,188],"than":[94,111,119,134],"public":[98],"to":[99,121,138,150,189,210,215],"perceive":[100,122,139,190],"patients.":[104],"First-year":[105],"students,":[113,171],"physicians,":[120,172],"treatment.":[124,141],"Minority":[125,182],"white":[136],"counterparts":[137],"majority":[143],"desired":[147],"exposure":[149],"disparity":[151],"issues":[152],"endorsed":[154],"diversity.":[157],"CONCLUSIONS:":[158],"Perceptions":[159],"differ":[168],"among":[169,179],"public,":[175],"as":[176,178],"well":[177],"racial/ethnic":[180],"groups.":[181],"are":[186],"greater":[191],"levels":[192],"unfairness.":[194],"Our":[195],"results":[196],"suggest":[197],"may":[203],"decline":[204],"during":[205],"process":[207,223],"acculturation":[209],"profession.":[213],"Interventions":[214],"reduce":[216],"must":[220],"address":[221],"education":[226],"training.":[228]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}