{"id":"https://openalex.org/W106516022","doi":null,"title":"Creatine kinase: race-gender differences in patients hospitalized for suspected myocardial infarction.","display_name":"Creatine kinase: race-gender differences in patients hospitalized for suspected myocardial infarction.","publication_year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W106516022","mag":"106516022","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2185368","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2626127"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2626127","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2626127","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Natl Med Assoc","raw_type":"Text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2626127","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"J C Cook","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096972","display_name":"Los Angeles Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00spys463","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343052199","https://openalex.org/I4210096972"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J C Cook","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Los Angeles County/University of Southern California Medical Center 90033"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Los Angeles County/University of Southern California Medical Center 90033","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212","https://openalex.org/I4210096972"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109165699","display_name":"E T Wong","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E Wong","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110145689","display_name":"L. Julian Haywood","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L J Haywood","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0775,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73005837,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"82","issue":"4","first_page":"249","last_page":"54"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11314","display_name":"Clinical Laboratory Practices and Quality Control","score":0.6621000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3607","display_name":"Medical Laboratory Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11314","display_name":"Clinical Laboratory Practices and Quality Control","score":0.6621000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3607","display_name":"Medical Laboratory Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10292","display_name":"Acute Myocardial Infarction Research","score":0.32760000228881836,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13252","display_name":"Sex and Gender in Healthcare","score":0.004399999976158142,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/creatine-kinase","display_name":"creatine kinase","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/myocardial-infarction","display_name":"myocardial infarction","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reference-values","display_name":"reference values","score":0.5329999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hispanic-patients","display_name":"Hispanic patients","score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-patients","display_name":"Black patients","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences","display_name":"sex differences","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/body-surface-area","display_name":"body surface area","score":0.9380000233650208}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7969168424606323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36880943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q409458","display_name":"Creatine kinase","level":2,"score":0.7550183534622192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C500558357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12152","display_name":"Myocardial infarction","level":2,"score":0.7373011708259583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76509639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918036","display_name":"Race (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5783595442771912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.5411407947540283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779896295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223600","display_name":"Creatine","level":2,"score":0.5267207622528076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993757694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3254959","display_name":"Racial differences","level":3,"score":0.4492156505584717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.38408273458480835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.34434762597084045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137403100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic group","level":2,"score":0.20969119668006897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.08798235654830933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003402","descriptor_name":"Creatine Kinase","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004796","descriptor_name":"Clinical Enzyme Tests","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006760","descriptor_name":"Hospitalization","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007527","descriptor_name":"Isoenzymes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009203","descriptor_name":"Myocardial Infarction","qualifier_ui":"Q000201","qualifier_name":"enzymology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009203","descriptor_name":"Myocardial Infarction","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012016","descriptor_name":"Reference Values","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012737","descriptor_name":"Sex Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D044383","descriptor_name":"Black People","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D044465","descriptor_name":"White People","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D044466","descriptor_name":"Asian People","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D044469","descriptor_name":"Racial Groups","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2626127","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2626127","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Natl Med Assoc","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:2185368","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2185368","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the National Medical Association","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:106516022","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2185368","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2626127","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2626127","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Natl Med Assoc","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7578999996185303}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6567514081","display_name":"COMPREHENSIVE SICKLE CELL CENTER","funder_award_id":"P60HL015162","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","funder_display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/012pb6c26"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1488010507","https://openalex.org/W1604902308","https://openalex.org/W1836987584","https://openalex.org/W1844297360","https://openalex.org/W1975571114","https://openalex.org/W1983390078","https://openalex.org/W1986218836","https://openalex.org/W1991011195","https://openalex.org/W1991260089","https://openalex.org/W1993250136","https://openalex.org/W2001495663","https://openalex.org/W2009175628","https://openalex.org/W2017607187","https://openalex.org/W2021990237","https://openalex.org/W2025757577","https://openalex.org/W2030663183","https://openalex.org/W2032514435","https://openalex.org/W2068288156","https://openalex.org/W2092214349","https://openalex.org/W2093849182","https://openalex.org/W2131859754","https://openalex.org/W2141969954","https://openalex.org/W2154771694","https://openalex.org/W2315952876","https://openalex.org/W2394718299","https://openalex.org/W2397988715","https://openalex.org/W2399452705","https://openalex.org/W2403756414","https://openalex.org/W2405603503","https://openalex.org/W2463742720","https://openalex.org/W2727628113","https://openalex.org/W4234078642","https://openalex.org/W4236476608","https://openalex.org/W4238858260","https://openalex.org/W4239479907"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1983390078","https://openalex.org/W2595774564","https://openalex.org/W2513540327","https://openalex.org/W4252628741","https://openalex.org/W2125905645","https://openalex.org/W2315952876","https://openalex.org/W76822021","https://openalex.org/W2045021007","https://openalex.org/W2052392284","https://openalex.org/W2105945082"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Race-gender":[0],"differences":[1,33,51,70,81,94],"in":[2,8,20],"creatine":[3,47,63],"kinase":[4,48,64],"values":[5,65],"were":[6,34,52,71],"studied":[7],"647":[9],"consecutive":[10],"patients":[11],"admitted":[12],"for":[13,24,29],"suspected":[14],"myocardial":[15],"infarction.":[16],"The":[17],"lowest":[18],"value":[19],"a":[21],"serial":[22],"set":[23],"each":[25],"patient":[26],"was":[27],"used":[28],"group":[30],"comparisons.":[31],"Significant":[32],"found":[35,53,72],"between":[36,73,83],"Hispanic":[37],"females":[38],"and":[39,57,85],"black":[40],"males,":[41],"using":[42],"standard":[43],"values.":[44],"Using":[45],"log":[46,62],"values,":[49],"significant":[50],"among":[54],"blacks,":[55],"Caucasians,":[56],"Hispanics.":[58],"Males":[59],"had":[60],"higher":[61],"than":[66],"females,":[67],"but":[68],"no":[69],"sexes":[74],"within":[75],"racial":[76],"groups.":[77],"Body":[78],"surface":[79],"area":[80],"(significant":[82],"males":[84],"females)":[86],"did":[87],"not":[88],"explain":[89],"all":[90],"of":[91,97,99],"the":[92],"racial-gender":[93],"found.":[95],"Reexamination":[96],"ranges":[98],"normality,":[100],"taking":[101],"into":[102],"account":[103],"race-gender":[104],"differences,":[105],"is":[106],"strongly":[107],"supported":[108],"by":[109],"these":[110],"data.":[111]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}