{"id":"https://openalex.org/W105229384","doi":null,"title":"The Use of an Automatic Spot-Sprayer in Western Tree Crops and Weed Control in a Pecan Orchard Using Preemergence and Postemergence Herbicides","display_name":"The Use of an Automatic Spot-Sprayer in Western Tree Crops and Weed Control in a Pecan Orchard Using Preemergence and Postemergence Herbicides","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W105229384","mag":"105229384"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/194435","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194435","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400271","display_name":"UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I138006243","host_organization_name":"University of Arizona","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Electronic Dissertation"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037935318","display_name":"Ryan J. Rector","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ryan J. Rector","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037935318"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10774","display_name":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10774","display_name":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12201","display_name":"Agricultural Engineering and Mechanization","score":0.0032999999821186066,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precision-weed-control","display_name":"precision weed control","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pecan-orchards","display_name":"pecan orchards","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lemon-orchards","display_name":"lemon orchards","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pre-emergence-herbicides","display_name":"pre-emergence herbicides","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/post-emergence-herbicides","display_name":"post-emergence herbicides","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/herbicide-use-reduction","display_name":"herbicide reduction","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/partial-budget-analysis","display_name":"partial budget analysis","score":0.6420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tank-mixing","display_name":"tank mixing","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weed-management-systems","display_name":"weed management systems","score":0.45500001311302185}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778230297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141546","display_name":"Sprayer","level":2,"score":0.9677497148513794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780753983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q236371","display_name":"Orchard","level":2,"score":0.6591739654541016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147273371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2739141","display_name":"Weed control","level":2,"score":0.6123678684234619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775891814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101879","display_name":"Weed","level":2,"score":0.46332165598869324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.4243728518486023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.40340572595596313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.39795786142349243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18928402662277222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.1416465938091278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/194435","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194435","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400271","display_name":"UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I138006243","host_organization_name":"University of Arizona","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Electronic Dissertation"},{"id":"mag:105229384","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://arizona.openrepository.com/handle/10150/194435","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.8409000039100647},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life on land","score":0.7605999708175659}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3022721284","https://openalex.org/W7097837021","https://openalex.org/W7097547692","https://openalex.org/W6892182599","https://openalex.org/W4389775932","https://openalex.org/W1515895649","https://openalex.org/W4408373118","https://openalex.org/W1998396807","https://openalex.org/W4200246910","https://openalex.org/W4382930461"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Weed":[0,112],"control":[1,113,319],"is":[2],"typically":[3,186],"achieved":[4],"by":[5,18,43,99],"broadcast":[6],"spraying":[7,19],"postemergence":[8,296,301],"herbicides":[9,302,314,327],"on":[10,134,215],"the":[11,45,68,78,83,105,116,123,132,146,151,156,159,162,165,168,172,176,183,206,216,220,261,274,304,309,313,329],"entire":[12,41],"orchard":[13,160,288],"floor":[14],"which":[15],"wastes":[16],"chemical":[17],"bare":[20],"ground.":[21],"Growers":[22],"can":[23,185],"account":[24],"for":[25],"spatial":[26],"variation":[27],"in":[28,54,175,182,189,194,273,284,308,317,345],"weed":[29,73,291,305,330],"density":[30],"and":[31,56,60,62,77,161,197,212,229,233,297],"only":[32],"spray":[33,90,230],"weedy":[34],"areas":[35],"instead":[36],"of":[37,70,81,131,149,158,164,208,219,278],"applying":[38,322],"herbicide":[39,71,97,166],"to":[40,66,87,104,122,144,170,204,253,289,321,333],"fields":[42],"using":[44,115,264,294,335],"automatic":[46],"spot-sprayer,":[47],"WeedSeeker":[48,84,93,117,177,221,224,243,262],"sprayer.":[49,126,222],"We":[50],"conducted":[51,201,283],"field":[52,280],"experiments":[53,203],"flood-":[55,61],"microsprinikler-irrigated":[57],"lemon":[58,196],"orchards,":[59],"sprinkler-irrigated":[63],"pecan":[64,198,287,340],"orchards":[65],"measure":[67],"amount":[69],"applied,":[72],"control,":[74],"tree":[75,341],"yield,":[76],"economic":[79,147],"value":[80,148],"adopting":[82,150],"sprayer":[85,94,108,118,178,225,244,263],"compared":[86,103,252,320,332],"conventional":[88,106,124],"boom":[89,107,125],"technology.":[91],"The":[92,139,180,223,242],"reduced":[95,328],"cumulative":[96],"use":[98],"at":[100,109,136],"least":[101],"36%":[102],"all":[110,231],"sites.":[111],"obtained":[114],"was":[119,240,245,343],"usually":[120],"similar":[121],"There":[127],"were":[128,282],"no":[129],"effects":[130],"treatments":[133],"yield":[135],"any":[137,346],"location.":[138],"partial":[140],"budget":[141],"analysis,":[142],"used":[143],"determine":[145,205],"technology,":[152],"showed":[153],"that":[154,259],"as":[155],"area":[157,214],"cost":[163],"increased,":[167],"time":[169],"recover":[171],"initial":[173],"investment":[174,181],"decreased.":[179],"technology":[184],"be":[187],"recovered":[188],"less":[190],"than":[191],"five":[192],"years":[193],"Arizona":[195],"orchards.We":[199],"also":[200],"greenhouse":[202],"effect":[207],"various":[209,295],"sensitivity":[210],"settings":[211],"leaf":[213],"operational":[217],"efficiency":[218],"did":[226],"not":[227,334],"detect":[228],"broadleaf":[232,250],"monocot":[234,254],"plants":[235,251],"unless":[236],"a":[237,265,285,336],"sensitive":[238,266],"setting":[239,267],"used.":[241],"more":[246],"efficient":[247,276],"when":[248],"detecting":[249],"plants.":[255],"Our":[256],"results":[257],"indicate":[258],"operating":[260],"(sensitivity":[268],"level":[269],"2)":[270],"will":[271],"result":[272],"most":[275],"detection":[277],"weeds.Finally,":[279],"studies":[281],"non-bearing":[286],"evaluate":[290],"management":[292],"systems":[293],"preemergence":[298,326,337],"herbicides.":[299],"Most":[300],"controlled":[303],"species":[306],"present":[307],"orchard.":[310],"Tank":[311],"mixing":[312],"generally":[315],"resulted":[316],"greater":[318],"them":[323],"alone.":[324],"All":[325],"emergence":[331],"herbicide.":[338],"No":[339],"damage":[342],"observed":[344],"treatment.":[347]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T04:12:42.849631","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
