{"id":"https://openalex.org/W10419015","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110887617.201","title":"Factor Analysis in the 1980's and the 1990's: Some Old Debates and Some New Developments","display_name":"Factor Analysis in the 1980's and the 1990's: Some Old Debates and Some New Developments","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-12-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W10419015","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110887617.201","mag":"10419015"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1515/9783110887617.201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110887617.201","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110887617.201","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463091","display_name":"De Gruyter eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313990","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Trends and Perspectives in Empirical Social Research","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W619175914","display_name":"Trends and Perspectives in Empirical Social Research"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090535839","display_name":"James H. Steiger","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"James H. Steiger","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090535839"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9055,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87710084,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"201","last_page":"223"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13141","display_name":"Statistical Methods and Applications","score":0.00279999990016222,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13283","display_name":"Mental Health Research Topics","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/factor-analysis","display_name":"factor analysis","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component-analysis","display_name":"component analysis","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-equation-modeling","display_name":"structural equation modeling","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measurement-model","display_name":"measurement model","score":0.6010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/true-score","display_name":"true score","score":0.6449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploratory-data-analysis","display_name":"exploratory data analysis","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-reduction","display_name":"data reduction","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-factor-analysis","display_name":"history of factor analysis","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thurstone","display_name":"Thurstone","score":0.5350000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tucker","display_name":"Tucker","score":0.9580000042915344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781039887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1391724","display_name":"Factor (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.44062793254852295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.3814202547073364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.37323665618896484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.12438160181045532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.02995362877845764}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1515/9783110887617.201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110887617.201","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110887617.201","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463091","display_name":"De Gruyter eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313990","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Trends and Perspectives in Empirical Social Research","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":68,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W94194614","https://openalex.org/W143399821","https://openalex.org/W575082336","https://openalex.org/W651702966","https://openalex.org/W1748168094","https://openalex.org/W1967694172","https://openalex.org/W1969682951","https://openalex.org/W1974134238","https://openalex.org/W1979418603","https://openalex.org/W1981903823","https://openalex.org/W1983098731","https://openalex.org/W1987155630","https://openalex.org/W1988356834","https://openalex.org/W1992193527","https://openalex.org/W1994167260","https://openalex.org/W1995521540","https://openalex.org/W1996392537","https://openalex.org/W2004288406","https://openalex.org/W2006319807","https://openalex.org/W2006458091","https://openalex.org/W2011267414","https://openalex.org/W2023273385","https://openalex.org/W2024233657","https://openalex.org/W2026490152","https://openalex.org/W2028894223","https://openalex.org/W2030741364","https://openalex.org/W2032037652","https://openalex.org/W2039330702","https://openalex.org/W2040072436","https://openalex.org/W2041717909","https://openalex.org/W2045551474","https://openalex.org/W2048630522","https://openalex.org/W2049333344","https://openalex.org/W2055354283","https://openalex.org/W2056434135","https://openalex.org/W2056453713","https://openalex.org/W2058815839","https://openalex.org/W2066306397","https://openalex.org/W2068025782","https://openalex.org/W2068480333","https://openalex.org/W2070459503","https://openalex.org/W2077835263","https://openalex.org/W2077971883","https://openalex.org/W2078977693","https://openalex.org/W2083842337","https://openalex.org/W2094817277","https://openalex.org/W2095534911","https://openalex.org/W2115322687","https://openalex.org/W2134032292","https://openalex.org/W2137945018","https://openalex.org/W2138925280","https://openalex.org/W2143135404","https://openalex.org/W2146855196","https://openalex.org/W2149608872","https://openalex.org/W2163297822","https://openalex.org/W2163988453","https://openalex.org/W2164085284","https://openalex.org/W2168153849","https://openalex.org/W2317982673","https://openalex.org/W2318239353","https://openalex.org/W2320103898","https://openalex.org/W2332566039","https://openalex.org/W2462634734","https://openalex.org/W2807783588","https://openalex.org/W3026982857","https://openalex.org/W4237377395","https://openalex.org/W4237559595","https://openalex.org/W4249750499"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1536884591","https://openalex.org/W2053594539","https://openalex.org/W7000497001","https://openalex.org/W2472118263","https://openalex.org/W2040072436","https://openalex.org/W3094969843","https://openalex.org/W4231784951","https://openalex.org/W3186918706","https://openalex.org/W7009810721","https://openalex.org/W2084194550"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"number":[1],"of":[2,77,106,117,121,131,150,174,182,214,265,290,356,368],"years":[3],"have":[4,111,123,136],"passed":[5],"since":[6,103],"my":[7,255,283],"active":[8],"involvement":[9],"(Steiger":[10],"&":[11],"Schonemann,":[12],"1978;":[13],"Steiger,":[14],"1979a,":[15],"1979b)":[16],"in":[17,53,86,97,169,180,208,238,276,305,309,363,384],"the":[18,64,67,75,104,127,143,147,188,239,270,288,291,345,357,378,381,404],"\u201cfactor":[19,192,199],"indeterminacy":[20],"controversy.\u201d":[21],"In":[22,156,229],"that":[23,94,219],"period,":[24],"factor":[25,87,98,151,315],"analysis":[26,61,99,152,316],"has":[27,71,100],"become":[28],"more":[29,258],"firmly":[30],"entrenched":[31],"than":[32,252],"ever":[33],"as":[34,41,46,57],"a":[35,42,47,83,176,191,198,212,354],"multivariate":[36],"method,":[37],"enjoying":[38],"wide":[39],"use":[40],"data":[43,60],"reduction":[44],"technique,":[45],"\u201cmeasurement":[48],"model\u201d":[49],"for":[50,307,403],"true":[51],"scores":[52],"structural":[54,132],"modeling,":[55],"and":[56,80,108,153,166,217,227,254,285,293,298,317,337,359,365,380],"an":[58,262],"exploratory":[59],"tool.":[62],"At":[63,243],"same":[65],"time,":[66],"typical":[68],"computing":[69],"environment":[70],"changed":[72],"radically,":[73],"making":[74],"cost":[76],"execution":[78],"time":[79],"computer":[81],"memory":[82],"negligible":[84],"issue":[85],"analytic":[88],"practice.":[89],"Though":[90],"many":[91],"would":[92],"argue":[93],"research":[95],"interest":[96],"declined":[101],"substantially":[102],"heyday":[105],"Thurstone":[107],"Tucker,":[109],"there":[110],"been":[112,138],"some":[113,139],"interesting":[114,330,361],"new":[115,140],"lines":[116],"technical":[118],"development,":[119],"most":[120],"which":[122],"come":[124],"laterally":[125],"from":[126,267],"closely":[128],"related":[129],"field":[130],"equation":[133],"modeling.":[134],"There":[135],"also":[137,350],"twists":[141],"on":[142,287,312,339,344,372],"old":[144],"debates":[145],"about":[146,295],"relative":[148],"merits":[149],"component":[154,318],"analysis.":[155,319],"this":[157,223,244,310],"paper,":[158],"I":[159,206,232,246,279,302,348],"will":[160,220],"attempt":[161,233,327],"to":[162,234,248,326,328,352],"review":[163,213,355],"these":[164],"developments":[165,237,266],"place":[167],"them":[168],"perspective.":[170],"This":[171,376],"perspective":[172],"is,":[173],"course,":[175],"personal":[177],"one,":[178],"even":[179],"matters":[181],"notation.":[183],"One":[184],"person":[185],"might":[186,195],"call":[187,196],"matrix":[189],"F":[190],"pattern.\u201d":[193],"Another":[194],"it":[197],"matrix.\u201d":[200],"To":[201],"reduce":[202],"potential":[203],"communication":[204],"problems,":[205],"begin":[207],"Section":[209,230,277],"2":[210],"with":[211],"basic":[215],"theory":[216],"terminology,":[218],"hopefully":[221],"make":[222],"account":[224,256],"reasonably":[225],"self-contained":[226],"comprehensible.":[228],"3,":[231],"summarize":[235],"significant":[236],"last":[240,394],"15":[241],"years.":[242],"stage,":[245],"try":[247],"be":[249,399],"descriptive":[250],"rather":[251],"judgmental":[253],"emphasizes":[257],"recent":[259],"developments.":[260],"For":[261],"alternative":[263],"view":[264],"1940":[268],"until":[269],"mid-eighties,":[271],"see":[272],"Mulaik":[273],"(1986).":[274],"Finally,":[275],"4,":[278],"summarize,":[280],"freely":[281],"injecting":[282],"views":[284],"biases":[286],"state":[289],"art,":[292],"speculating":[294],"future":[296],"trends":[297],"important":[299],"unanswered":[300],"questions.":[301],"must":[303],"apologize":[304],"advance":[306],"concentrating,":[308],"account,":[311],"traditional":[313],"linear":[314],"Space":[320],"considerations":[321],"made":[322],"me":[323],"choose":[324],"not":[325],"discuss":[329],"work":[331],"by":[332],"Ramsay,":[333],"Takane,":[334],"McDonald,":[335],"Bartholomew,":[336],"others":[338],"non-linear":[340],"(and":[341],"other)":[342],"variations":[343],"factor-analytic":[346],"theme.":[347],"was":[349],"forced":[351],"omit":[353],"profound,":[358],"extremely":[360],"discussion":[362,383],"Behavioral":[364,386],"Brain":[366],"Sciences":[367],"Jensen\u2019s":[369],"(1985)":[370],"article":[371],"black-white":[373],"intelligence":[374],"differences.":[375],"article,":[377],"commentaries,":[379],"followup":[382],"Multivariate":[385],"Research":[387],"(Volume":[388],"27,":[389],"Number":[390],"2),":[391],"especially":[392],"\u201cGuttman\u2019s":[393],"paper\u201d":[395],"(Guttman,":[396],"1992)":[397],"should":[398],"considered":[400],"required":[401],"reading":[402],"sophisticated":[405],"social":[406],"scientist.":[407]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
