{"id":"https://openalex.org/W104067974","doi":null,"title":"Antifreeze protein gene transfer in Atlantic salmon.","display_name":"Antifreeze protein gene transfer in Atlantic salmon.","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W104067974","mag":"104067974","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1308821"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:1308821","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1308821","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Molecular marine biology and biotechnology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110095490","display_name":"C L Hew","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801317318","display_name":"Hospital for Sick Children","ror":"https://ror.org/057q4rt57","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801317318"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C L Hew","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801317318"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035023245","display_name":"Peter L. Davies","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8026-7818","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8026-7818"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P L Davies","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"G Fletcher","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G Fletcher","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6755,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":49,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62857375,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"4-5","first_page":"309","last_page":"17"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12929","display_name":"Animal Genetics and Reproduction","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12929","display_name":"Animal Genetics and Reproduction","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11505","display_name":"Reproductive biology and impacts on aquatic species","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1314","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11426","display_name":"Genetically Modified Organisms Research","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antifreeze-proteins","display_name":"antifreeze proteins","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atlantic-salmon","display_name":"Atlantic salmon","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transgenesis","display_name":"transgenesis","score":0.6259999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/winter-flounder","display_name":"winter flounder","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/germline-modification","display_name":"germline modification","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-transfer","display_name":"gene transfer","score":0.5199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frost-resistance","display_name":"frost resistance","score":0.5350000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microinjection","display_name":"microinjection","score":0.5920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chromosomal-integration","display_name":"chromosomal integration","score":0.546999990940094}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.8721269369125366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776367567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4246303","display_name":"Flounder","level":3,"score":0.7354166507720947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141734981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421541","display_name":"Antifreeze protein","level":2,"score":0.7071253061294556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102230213","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q430117","display_name":"Transgene","level":3,"score":0.6209498643875122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.6110309362411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90856448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431","display_name":"Zoology","level":1,"score":0.5521673560142517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86909935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188989","display_name":"Aquaculture","level":3,"score":0.5410652160644531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C505870484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180538","display_name":"Fishery","level":1,"score":0.41631317138671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909208804","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127282","display_name":"Fish <Actinopterygii>","level":2,"score":0.35123521089553833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.2827836573123932}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005432","descriptor_name":"Flounder","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005615","descriptor_name":"Freezing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006023","descriptor_name":"Glycoproteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000096","qualifier_name":"biosynthesis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006023","descriptor_name":"Glycoproteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006023","descriptor_name":"Glycoproteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006023","descriptor_name":"Glycoproteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012474","descriptor_name":"Salmon","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012474","descriptor_name":"Salmon","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014162","descriptor_name":"Transfection","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017433","descriptor_name":"Protein Structure, Secondary","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D021301","descriptor_name":"Antifreeze Proteins","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D030801","descriptor_name":"Animals, Genetically Modified","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D030801","descriptor_name":"Animals, Genetically Modified","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:1308821","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1308821","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Molecular marine biology and biotechnology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:104067974","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1308821","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.40450000762939453,"display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1993129229","https://openalex.org/W242238464","https://openalex.org/W7098638441","https://openalex.org/W2461297132","https://openalex.org/W1918286071","https://openalex.org/W2240587216","https://openalex.org/W332936336","https://openalex.org/W7099317862","https://openalex.org/W2080865634","https://openalex.org/W2080279600"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Salmonids":[0],"freeze":[1],"to":[2,24,60],"death":[3],"if":[4],"they":[5],"come":[6],"into":[7,56],"contact":[8],"with":[9],"ice.":[10],"Many":[11],"marine":[12],"fish":[13],"species":[14,38],"that":[15,104,149],"inhabit":[16],"icy":[17],"sea":[18],"waters":[19],"synthesize":[20],"antifreeze":[21],"proteins":[22],"(AFP)":[23],"protect":[25],"them":[26],"from":[27,85,96],"freezing.":[28],"Production":[29],"of":[30,33,43,69,71,82,89,114,123,131],"stable":[31,63,150],"lines":[32],"freeze-resistant":[34],"salmon":[35,83,102,154],"and":[36,66,100,140],"other":[37],"would":[39],"greatly":[40],"facilitate":[41],"development":[42],"sea-pen":[44],"aquaculture":[45],"in":[46,76,120],"many":[47],"regions.":[48],"We":[49],"successfully":[50],"introduced":[51],"winter":[52,72],"flounder":[53,73],"AFP":[54,74,91,115,144],"genes":[55,75],"Atlantic":[57,153],"salmon.":[58],"Research":[59],"date":[61],"indicates":[62],"genomic":[64],"integration":[65],"low":[67],"levels":[68,113],"expression":[70],"a":[77],"small":[78],"number":[79],"(approximately":[80],"3%)":[81],"developed":[84],"microinjected":[86],"eggs.":[87],"Inheritance":[88],"the":[90,105,121,132,143],"gene":[92],"by":[93,135],"offspring":[94,127],"(F1)":[95],"crosses":[97,136],"between":[98,137],"transgenic":[99,106,126,138],"wild-type":[101],"revealed":[103],"flounders":[107],"(F0)":[108],"were":[109],"germ-line":[110,151],"mosaics.":[111],"Low":[112],"precursors":[116],"could":[117],"be":[118,156],"detected":[119],"blood":[122],"all":[124],"these":[125],"(F1).":[128],"Approximately":[129],"50%":[130],"progeny":[133],"produced":[134],"F1":[139],"wild-types":[141],"contained":[142],"genes.":[145],"These":[146],"results":[147],"demonstrate":[148],"transformed":[152],"can":[155],"produced.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}