{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1024451807","doi":null,"title":"A Novel Experimental Method for Measuring Proactive and Reactive Responses to Threat and an Examination of Their Personality and Neural Correlates","display_name":"A Novel Experimental Method for Measuring Proactive and Reactive Responses to Threat and an Examination of Their Personality and Neural Correlates","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1024451807","mag":"1024451807"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dukespace.lib.duke.edu:10161/9900","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10161/9900","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10161/9900","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400687","display_name":"DukeSpace (Duke University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","host_organization_name":"Duke University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Dissertation"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10161/9900","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064418543","display_name":"Adam X. Gorka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3202-2541","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3202-2541"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Adam X. Gorka","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3202-2541","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064418543"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10448","display_name":"Memory and Neural Mechanisms","score":0.7865999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10448","display_name":"Memory and Neural Mechanisms","score":0.7865999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10853","display_name":"Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes","score":0.12370000034570694,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10042","display_name":"Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","score":0.060499999672174454,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/threat-response","display_name":"threat response","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trait-anxiety","display_name":"trait anxiety","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-anxiety","display_name":"state anxiety","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amygdala-reactivity","display_name":"amygdala reactivity","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dorsomedial-prefrontal-cortex","display_name":"dorsomedial prefrontal cortex","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corticolimbic-circuits","display_name":"corticolimbic circuits","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrinsic-functional-connectivity","display_name":"intrinsic functional connectivity","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sympathetic-nerve-activity","display_name":"sympathetic activity","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/muscular-activity","display_name":"muscular activity","score":0.6520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expressions","display_name":"facial expressions","score":0.5630000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-differences","display_name":"gender differences","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anxiety-disorders","display_name":"anxiety disorders","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/individual-differences","display_name":"individual differences","score":0.8610000014305115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129564537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1460873","display_name":"Neural correlates of consciousness","level":3,"score":0.6693506836891174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187288502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641118","display_name":"Personality","level":2,"score":0.5933274030685425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5377097129821777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.4173544943332672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3678562343120575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.34353378415107727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.34034299850463867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.3241913318634033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.16194167733192444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:dukespace.lib.duke.edu:10161/9900","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10161/9900","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10161/9900","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400687","display_name":"DukeSpace (Duke University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","host_organization_name":"Duke University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Dissertation"},{"id":"mag:1024451807","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dukespace.lib.duke.edu/dspace/bitstream/10161/9900/1/Gorka_duke_0066D_12858.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dukespace.lib.duke.edu:10161/9900","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10161/9900","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10161/9900","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400687","display_name":"DukeSpace (Duke University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","host_organization_name":"Duke University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Dissertation"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8999999761581421}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1024451807.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1024451807.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":113,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W78630970","https://openalex.org/W1555297499","https://openalex.org/W1562182300","https://openalex.org/W1964290461","https://openalex.org/W1964625207","https://openalex.org/W1968187292","https://openalex.org/W1968784545","https://openalex.org/W1970599720","https://openalex.org/W1970695058","https://openalex.org/W1972225928","https://openalex.org/W1972368693","https://openalex.org/W1973776237","https://openalex.org/W1974635983","https://openalex.org/W1974991603","https://openalex.org/W1977246716","https://openalex.org/W1977853918","https://openalex.org/W1978489779","https://openalex.org/W1979383426","https://openalex.org/W1979538778","https://openalex.org/W1981827479","https://openalex.org/W1982578342","https://openalex.org/W1983766887","https://openalex.org/W1987860935","https://openalex.org/W1988242404","https://openalex.org/W1989045560","https://openalex.org/W1992503298","https://openalex.org/W1994484302","https://openalex.org/W1997503502","https://openalex.org/W1999721459","https://openalex.org/W2000843844","https://openalex.org/W2001417852","https://openalex.org/W2002801119","https://openalex.org/W2003973418","https://openalex.org/W2004403142","https://openalex.org/W2004990666","https://openalex.org/W2007062612","https://openalex.org/W2008185639","https://openalex.org/W2011131455","https://openalex.org/W2011692649","https://openalex.org/W2012065259","https://openalex.org/W2013413808","https://openalex.org/W2016954751","https://openalex.org/W2018013323","https://openalex.org/W2019361862","https://openalex.org/W2024988985","https://openalex.org/W2027330320","https://openalex.org/W2029334490","https://openalex.org/W2030679377","https://openalex.org/W2033211327","https://openalex.org/W2033467487","https://openalex.org/W2037462540","https://openalex.org/W2040646852","https://openalex.org/W2041555928","https://openalex.org/W2042665911","https://openalex.org/W2043348039","https://openalex.org/W2046836290","https://openalex.org/W2048678006","https://openalex.org/W2050237761","https://openalex.org/W2051372839","https://openalex.org/W2054428623","https://openalex.org/W2057001461","https://openalex.org/W2057130871","https://openalex.org/W2064135174","https://openalex.org/W2073394329","https://openalex.org/W2078563124","https://openalex.org/W2079203942","https://openalex.org/W2082435140","https://openalex.org/W2082714165","https://openalex.org/W2084043655","https://openalex.org/W2086839933","https://openalex.org/W2092024509","https://openalex.org/W2092154826","https://openalex.org/W2093677131","https://openalex.org/W2097637033","https://openalex.org/W2098259315","https://openalex.org/W2100512026","https://openalex.org/W2100872799","https://openalex.org/W2105144622","https://openalex.org/W2106089606","https://openalex.org/W2106592748","https://openalex.org/W2107367767","https://openalex.org/W2108459864","https://openalex.org/W2110601854","https://openalex.org/W2113440025","https://openalex.org/W2113768863","https://openalex.org/W2114770633","https://openalex.org/W2114965225","https://openalex.org/W2115736681","https://openalex.org/W2117315687","https://openalex.org/W2118406111","https://openalex.org/W2120673510","https://openalex.org/W2121235478","https://openalex.org/W2124141514","https://openalex.org/W2124242062","https://openalex.org/W2128000755","https://openalex.org/W2128234817","https://openalex.org/W2129868828","https://openalex.org/W2135290698","https://openalex.org/W2139220014","https://openalex.org/W2149514160","https://openalex.org/W2150224606","https://openalex.org/W2151137320","https://openalex.org/W2153254138","https://openalex.org/W2153270820","https://openalex.org/W2156864134","https://openalex.org/W2157643754","https://openalex.org/W2163862079","https://openalex.org/W2167551262","https://openalex.org/W2168175444","https://openalex.org/W2169214568","https://openalex.org/W2169787465","https://openalex.org/W2171952745","https://openalex.org/W2172145396"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2120673510","https://openalex.org/W2531026153","https://openalex.org/W3201633613","https://openalex.org/W2273984900","https://openalex.org/W2030679377","https://openalex.org/W3158819823","https://openalex.org/W2321431794","https://openalex.org/W4412664212","https://openalex.org/W4225007669","https://openalex.org/W927990962"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"goal":[1,8],"of":[2,31,53,230,260,283,320,326],"this":[3],"dissertation":[4],"is":[5],"to":[6,13,20,24,65,83,141,152,182,252,293,297,349,363,370],"characterize":[7,128],"directed":[9],"proactive":[10,156,270,289,340],"behavioral":[11,157],"responses":[12,19,145,158,200,251,271,292,322,343],"threat":[14,21,105,144,185,199,294,321],"as":[15,17],"well":[16],"reactive":[18,160,267,291,342],"exposure,":[22,106],"and":[23,28,56,68,71,91,115,118,148,171,195,227,268,290,310,377],"identify":[25],"the":[26,95,167,179,190,223,231,257,261,286,331,351,354,359,368,375],"neural":[27,327,355,378],"personality":[29],"correlates":[30],"individual":[32,85,129],"differences":[33,86,130],"in":[34,87,131,198,280,373],"these":[35,213,365],"responses.":[36,162,186],"Three":[37],"specific":[38],"studies":[39],"are":[40,263,314],"reported":[41],"wherein":[42],"participants":[43,107,133,207,236],"completed":[44],"a":[45,138,150,209,317],"novel":[46],"shock":[47,168],"avoidance":[48,110,169],"paradigm":[49],"while":[50,305],"concurrent":[51],"measures":[52,325],"behavioral,":[54],"muscular,":[55],"sympathetic":[57,119],"autonomic":[58,161],"activity":[59],"were":[60,175],"collected;":[61],"self-report":[62],"was":[63,81],"used":[64,82],"measure":[66,84],"mood":[67,307],"trait":[69,173,193,312],"personality;":[70],"blood":[72],"oxygen-level":[73],"dependent":[74],"functional":[75],"magnetic":[76],"resonance":[77],"imaging":[78],"(BOLD":[79],"fMRI)":[80],"threat-related":[88,253],"amygdala":[89,232,262],"reactivity":[90],"intrinsic":[92,220],"connectivity":[93,221],"within":[94,256,330],"corticolimbic":[96,332],"circuit.":[97],"Results":[98],"from":[99],"Study":[100,216,246],"1":[101],"demonstrate":[102,123,276],"that":[103,124,204,219,250,277,304],"during":[104,135,166,201,242,272,308,344],"exhibit":[108,142,183,338],"increased":[109,116,172,339],"behavior,":[111],"faster":[112],"reaction":[113],"times,":[114],"muscular":[117],"activity.":[120],"Moreover,":[121,300],"results":[122,275,302,366],"two":[125,214],"broad":[126],"patterns":[127,278],"how":[132,358],"respond":[134,153,238],"avoidance:":[136],"1)":[137],"generalized":[139,180,196,318],"tendency":[140,151,181],"magnified":[143,184],"across":[146,323],"domains;":[147],"2)":[149],"either":[154],"with":[155,178,265,316],"or":[159,240,341],"Heightened":[163],"state":[164],"anxiety":[165,174,194,313,381],"paradigm,":[170],"both":[176],"associated":[177,264,315],"However,":[187],"gender":[188],"moderated":[189],"relationship":[191,211],"between":[192,212,222,288],"increases":[197],"avoidance,":[202,284],"such":[203],"only":[205],"male":[206],"exhibited":[208],"positive":[210],"factors.":[215],"2":[217],"demonstrates":[218],"dorsomedial":[224],"prefrontal":[225],"cortex":[226],"centromedial":[228,258],"region":[229,259],"prospectively":[233],"predicts":[234],"whether":[235,335],"will":[237,337],"proactively":[239],"reactively":[241],"active":[243,345],"avoidance.":[244,273,346],"Finally,":[245],"3":[247],"provides":[248],"evidence":[249],"facial":[254],"expressions":[255],"more":[266],"less":[269],"These":[274],"observed":[279],"animal":[281],"models":[282],"specifically":[285],"competition":[287],"cues,":[295],"extend":[296],"human":[298],"participants.":[299],"our":[301],"suggest":[303],"anxious":[306],"performance":[309],"heightened":[311],"facilitation":[319],"domains,":[324],"circuit":[328],"function":[329],"system":[333],"predict":[334],"individuals":[336],"In":[347],"addition":[348],"facilitating":[350],"search":[352],"for":[353],"processes":[356,379],"underlying":[357,380],"brain":[360],"responds":[361],"dynamically":[362],"threat,":[364],"have":[367],"potential":[369],"aide":[371],"researchers":[372],"characterizing":[374],"symptoms":[376],"disorders.":[382]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}