{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1024089907","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.1665.1665","title":"The Combination Of 2-DG and Metformin Inhibits The mTORC1 Pathway and Suppresses Aggressive B Cell Lymphoma Growth and Survival","display_name":"The Combination Of 2-DG and Metformin Inhibits The mTORC1 Pathway and Suppresses Aggressive B Cell Lymphoma Growth and Survival","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-11-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1024089907","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.1665.1665","mag":"1024089907"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1182/blood.v122.21.1665.1665","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.1665.1665","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.1665.1665","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200071133","display_name":"Blood","issn_l":"0006-4971","issn":["0006-4971","1528-0020"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Blood","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007992496","display_name":"Chengfeng Bi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5375-7515","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5375-7515"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59130452","display_name":"University of Nebraska Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00thqtb16","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59130452"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengfeng Bi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59130452"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001659843","display_name":"Kai Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3534-0905","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3534-0905"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59130452","display_name":"University of Nebraska Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00thqtb16","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59130452"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59130452"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059337576","display_name":"Chunsun Jiang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59130452","display_name":"University of Nebraska Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00thqtb16","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59130452"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunsun Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59130452"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104265133","display_name":"Xin Huang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59130452","display_name":"University of Nebraska Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00thqtb16","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59130452"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59130452"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015247283","display_name":"Wing Chung Chan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6243-6008","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6243-6008","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1624-673X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59130452","display_name":"University of Nebraska Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00thqtb16","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59130452"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wing Chung Chan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59130452"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022929974","display_name":"Timothy W. McKeithan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2242-3074","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2242-3074"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59130452","display_name":"University of Nebraska Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00thqtb16","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59130452"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timothy McKeithan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59130452"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59130452"],"apc_list":{"value":5500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.03883197,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"122","issue":"21","first_page":"1665","last_page":"1665"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10952","display_name":"PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancer","score":0.9595000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10952","display_name":"PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancer","score":0.9595000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11339","display_name":"Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer","score":0.03709999844431877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10631","display_name":"Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism","score":0.0015999999595806003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1306","display_name":"Cancer Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/2-deoxy-d-glucose","display_name":"2-deoxyglucose","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metformin","display_name":"metformin","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mtorc1-inhibition","display_name":"mTORC1 inhibition","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/b-cell-lymphoma","display_name":"B-cell lymphoma","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/4e-bp1","display_name":"4E-BP1","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rag-gtpases","display_name":"Rag GTPases","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mcl-1","display_name":"Mcl-1","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bcl-xl","display_name":"Bcl-xL","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyclin-d1","display_name":"cyclin D1","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glycolysis-inhibition","display_name":"glycolysis inhibition","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mitochondrial-respiration-inhibition","display_name":"mitochondrial respiration inhibition","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combination-therapy","display_name":"combination therapy","score":0.5699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lymphoma-xenografts","display_name":"lymphoma xenografts","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atp-depletion","display_name":"ATP depletion","score":0.5690000057220459}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98490376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14876060","display_name":"mTORC1","level":4,"score":0.8582534790039062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502942594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914","display_name":"Cancer research","level":1,"score":0.6239771842956543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62112901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189159","display_name":"Cell growth","level":2,"score":0.5359227657318115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.44213610887527466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86554907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285613","display_name":"PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway","level":3,"score":0.366100937128067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.35574954748153687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62478195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828130","display_name":"Signal transduction","level":2,"score":0.24144622683525085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.2214067578315735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.08702296018600464}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1182/blood.v122.21.1665.1665","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.1665.1665","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.1665.1665","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200071133","display_name":"Blood","issn_l":"0006-4971","issn":["0006-4971","1528-0020"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Blood","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9940000176429749}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.7699999809265137}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2414066070","https://openalex.org/W1986428317","https://openalex.org/W4387035986","https://openalex.org/W2499908065","https://openalex.org/W2530667089","https://openalex.org/W2979410675","https://openalex.org/W2605338453","https://openalex.org/W2145529521","https://openalex.org/W147700921","https://openalex.org/W2555700808"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"mTORC1":[1,35,75,139,203],"(mammalian":[2],"target":[3],"of":[4,34,64,74,162,180,207,222,242,262],"rapamycin":[5,50],"complex":[6],"1)":[7],"plays":[8],"a":[9,37,45,61,148,249],"central":[10],"role":[11],"in":[12,23,30,40,60,97,127,130,187,233],"integrating":[13],"nutrient":[14],"and":[15,26,51,71,101,129,140,157,174,182,228],"growth":[16,22,156,186],"factor":[17],"inputs":[18],"to":[19,68,94,120,252,264],"control":[20],"cell":[21,99,124,155,189,256],"all":[24],"eukaryotes":[25],"is":[27,36,92],"commonly":[28],"deregulated":[29],"human":[31],"cancers.":[32],"Inhibition":[33],"promising":[38],"strategy":[39,251],"lymphoma":[41,125,167,190],"therapy.":[42],"However,":[43],"only":[44],"few":[46],"drugs,":[47],"such":[48,170],"as":[49,76,78,171,248],"its":[52,141],"analogs":[53],"(rapalogs),":[54],"have":[55,230],"been":[56,231],"approved":[57],"for":[58,238],"treatment":[59,137,151,197,237],"limited":[62,80],"number":[63],"cancer":[65,98],"types,":[66],"due":[67],"their":[69,79],"incomplete":[70],"nonspecific":[72],"inhibition":[73,161,204],"well":[77],"effects":[81,215],"toward":[82],"the":[83,108,115,135,160,178,195,240,243],"4EBP1":[84,86],"pathway.":[85],"pathway":[87],"regulates":[88],"protein":[89],"translation":[90,165],"which":[91,218],"considered":[93],"be":[95],"crucial":[96],"survival":[100,158],"proliferation.":[102],"In":[103],"this":[104],"study,":[105],"we":[106],"used":[107,232],"glycolysis":[109],"inhibitor":[110,118],"2-deoxyglucose":[111],"(2-DG)":[112],"together":[113],"with":[114],"mitochondrial":[116],"respiratory":[117],"metformin":[119,183,229],"treat":[121,253],"aggressive":[122,254],"B":[123,188,255],"cells":[126],"vitro":[128],"vivo.":[131],"We":[132],"found":[133],"that":[134,225],"combined":[136,150,196],"inhibited":[138,153],"major":[142],"downstream":[143],"targets,":[144],"including":[145],"4EBP1.":[146],"As":[147],"result,":[149],"significantly":[152],"tumor":[154,185],"by":[159],"5\u2019":[163],"cap-dependent":[164],"involving":[166],"associated":[168],"oncogenes":[169],"MCL-1,":[172],"BCL-XL":[173],"Cyclin":[175],"D1.":[176],"Moreover,":[177],"combination":[179,241],"2-DG":[181,227],"suppressed":[184],"xenograft":[191],"mouse":[192],"models.":[193],"Although":[194],"dramatically":[198],"decreased":[199],"cellular":[200],"ATP":[201],"levels,":[202],"was":[205],"independent":[206],"AMPK":[208],"activity":[209],"but":[210],"instead":[211],"resulted":[212],"from":[213],"inhibitory":[214],"on":[216],"Rag-GTPases,":[217],"are":[219],"upstream":[220],"activators":[221],"mTORC1.":[223],"Given":[224],"both":[226],"clinical":[234],"diagnosis":[235],"or":[236],"decades,":[239],"two":[244],"drugs":[245],"hold":[246],"promise":[247],"new":[250],"lymphoma.":[257],"Disclosures:":[258],"No":[259],"relevant":[260],"conflicts":[261],"interest":[263],"declare.":[265]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-09-24T07:57:37.273135","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}