{"id":"https://openalex.org/W102255156","doi":null,"title":"Expertise Reversal in Multimedia Learning: Subjective Load Ratings and Viewing Behavior as Cognitive Process Indicators","display_name":"Expertise Reversal in Multimedia Learning: Subjective Load Ratings and Viewing Behavior as Cognitive Process Indicators","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W102255156","mag":"102255156"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org/ark:/13030/qt99r5z5fb","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/99r5z5fb","pdf_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/99r5z5fb","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, vol 31, iss 31","raw_type":"article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/99r5z5fb","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037449057","display_name":"Gabriele Cierniak","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gabriele Cierniak","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055559619","display_name":"Katharina Scheiter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9397-7544","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9397-7544"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katharina Scheiter","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9397-7544","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089332735","display_name":"Peter H. Gerjets","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1358-6779","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1358-6779"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Gerjets","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1358-6779","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2577,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62978694,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"31","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11516","display_name":"Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11516","display_name":"Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10636","display_name":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10162","display_name":"Online and Blended Learning","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expertise-reversal-effect","display_name":"expertise reversal effect","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-load-theory","display_name":"cognitive load theory","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-theory-of-multimedia-learning","display_name":"cognitive theory of multimedia learning","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prior-knowledge","display_name":"prior knowledge","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extraneous-cognitive-load","display_name":"extraneous cognitive load","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/germane-cognitive-load","display_name":"germane cognitive load","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/text-picture-integration","display_name":"text-picture integration","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"eye tracking","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viewing-behavior","display_name":"viewing behavior","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia-learning","display_name":"multimedia learning","score":0.6430000066757202}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61641136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1107019","display_name":"Cognitive load","level":3,"score":0.8619362115859985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.6576399803161621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5829527378082275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.570002019405365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5649659037590027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.5120051503181458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150420422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141238","display_name":"Cognitive resource theory","level":3,"score":0.4162292778491974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.35243138670921326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.34945252537727356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.32826948165893555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org/ark:/13030/qt99r5z5fb","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/99r5z5fb","pdf_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/99r5z5fb","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, vol 31, iss 31","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:qt99r5z5fb","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/99r5z5fb","pdf_url":"http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/99r5z5fb","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Cierniak, Gabriele; Gerjets, Peter; &amp; Scheiter, Katharina. (2009). Expertise Reversal in Multimedia Learning: Subjective Load Ratings and Viewing Behavior as Cognitive Process Indicators. Proceedings of the Cognitive Science Society, 31(31). Retrieved from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/99r5z5fb","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.412.2082","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.412.2082","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://141.14.165.6/CogSci09/papers/396/paper396.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:102255156","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/content/qt99r5z5fb/qt99r5z5fb.pdf?t=op2mwy","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306523994","display_name":"Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org/ark:/13030/qt99r5z5fb","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/99r5z5fb","pdf_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/99r5z5fb","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, vol 31, iss 31","raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.8278999924659729}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W102255156.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W102255156.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964672712","https://openalex.org/W2003788177","https://openalex.org/W2055556052","https://openalex.org/W2060374126","https://openalex.org/W2094955066","https://openalex.org/W2096036274","https://openalex.org/W2141019025","https://openalex.org/W2150069692","https://openalex.org/W2337068785"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4238723668","https://openalex.org/W1563688590","https://openalex.org/W2991192916","https://openalex.org/W3089819048","https://openalex.org/W4417037449","https://openalex.org/W2184549449","https://openalex.org/W2055556052","https://openalex.org/W4205944482","https://openalex.org/W2564640850","https://openalex.org/W2243317517"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,168],"phenomenon":[1],"that":[2,51,81,98],"more":[3,52,82],"knowledgeable":[4,22,53,83],"learners":[5,54,84],"do":[6],"not":[7,162],"benefit":[8],"or":[9,128,139],"even":[10],"suffer":[11,55],"from":[12,56],"physically":[13],"integrated":[14,140],"text-picture":[15],"formats,":[16],"which":[17],"work":[18],"successfully":[19],"with":[20,87,126,136],"less":[21],"learners,":[23],"is":[24,44,62,79,99],"called":[25],"the":[26,40,65,68,76,107,111,114,164,171,177,181],"expertise":[27,41,115],"reversal":[28,42,116],"effect":[29,43],"in":[30,64,143,180],"cognitive":[31,58,69,159],"load":[32,160,166],"theory":[33,70],"(CLT)":[34],"literature.":[35],"A":[36],"possible":[37],"explanation":[38,61],"of":[39,67,71,91,158,170],"offered":[45],"by":[46],"CLT":[47],"researchers,":[48],"who":[49],"argue":[50],"extraneous":[57,165],"load.":[59],"Another":[60],"given":[63],"context":[66],"multimedia":[72],"learning":[73,102],"(CTML).":[74],"In":[75],"CTML":[77],"it":[78],"assumed":[80],"can":[85],"deal":[86],"difficult":[88],"formats":[89],"because":[90],"being":[92],"able":[93],"to":[94,122,133],"invest":[95],"germane":[96],"load,":[97],"applying":[100],"relevant":[101],"strategies.":[103],"This":[104],"study":[105],"examined":[106],"different":[108],"assumptions":[109,178],"about":[110],"mechanism":[112],"underlying":[113],"effect.":[117],"Sixty":[118],"students":[119,150],"were":[120,151],"assigned":[121],"either":[123,137],"a":[124,134,144],"group":[125,135],"low":[127],"high":[129],"prior":[130],"knowledge":[131],"and":[132],"separated":[138],"format,":[141],"resulting":[142],"2":[145,147],"x":[146],"design.":[148],"All":[149],"eye":[152,172],"tracked":[153],"during":[154],"learning.":[155],"Subjective":[156],"ratings":[157],"could":[161],"support":[163],"explanation.":[167],"results":[169],"tracking":[173],"data":[174],"rather":[175],"supported":[176],"made":[179],"CTML.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
