{"id":"https://openalex.org/W10145687","doi":null,"title":"Expression of aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 (AKR1C3) in neuroendocrine tumors & adenocarcinomas of pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, and lung.","display_name":"Expression of aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 (AKR1C3) in neuroendocrine tumors & adenocarcinomas of pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, and lung.","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W10145687","mag":"10145687","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24228104","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3816811"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2812485","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3816811","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3816811","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037655256","display_name":"Theodore S Chang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I49332381","display_name":"University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0457zbj98","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49332381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Theodore S Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Oklahoma City, OK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Oklahoma City, OK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I49332381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109065816","display_name":"Hsueh-Kung Lin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hsueh-Kung Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080903892","display_name":"Kyle A. Rogers","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyle A Rogers","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080678610","display_name":"Lacy S. Brame","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lacy S Brame","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078176598","display_name":"Matthew M. Yeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3004-8799","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3004-8799"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew M Yeh","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102857474","display_name":"Qing Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3128-8620","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3128-8620"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qing Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043457170","display_name":"Kar-Ming A. Fung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4623-9469","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4623-9469"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kar-Ming Fung","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3283,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.51208124,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"11","first_page":"2419","last_page":"29"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12533","display_name":"Aldose Reductase and Taurine","score":0.9717000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1307","display_name":"Cell Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12533","display_name":"Aldose Reductase and Taurine","score":0.9717000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1307","display_name":"Cell Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10754","display_name":"Neuroendocrine Tumor Research Advances","score":0.014600000344216824,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10231","display_name":"Pancreatic and Hepatic Oncology Research","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/akr1c3","display_name":"AKR1C3","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroendocrine-tumors","display_name":"neuroendocrine tumors","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adenocarcinoma","display_name":"adenocarcinoma","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pancreatic-neuroendocrine-tumors","display_name":"pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gastrointestinal-neuroendocrine-tumors","display_name":"gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lung-neuroendocrine-tumors","display_name":"lung neuroendocrine tumors","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-intestinal-neuroendocrine-tumors","display_name":"small bowel neuroendocrine tumors","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mucosal-epithelium","display_name":"mucosal epithelium","score":0.6639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunohistochemical-expression","display_name":"immunohistochemical expression","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagnostic-biomarkers","display_name":"diagnostic biomarkers","score":0.47600001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steroid-metabolism","display_name":"steroid metabolism","score":0.6060000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/xenobiotic-metabolism","display_name":"xenobiotic metabolism","score":0.7820000052452087}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781182431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q356033","display_name":"Adenocarcinoma","level":3,"score":0.6382610201835632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778764654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9618","display_name":"Pancreas","level":2,"score":0.6013887524604797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5716652274131775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777164284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277954","display_name":"Estrogen","level":2,"score":0.45237693190574646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776235491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9625","display_name":"Prostate","level":3,"score":0.4455302357673645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134651460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3100717","display_name":"Reductase","level":3,"score":0.43854308128356934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.42972123622894287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777428134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272741","display_name":"Adenoma","level":2,"score":0.41232356429100037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502942594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914","display_name":"Cancer research","level":1,"score":0.40858760476112366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.39765697717666626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.3971104621887207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.35742953419685364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.18449777364730835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181199279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047","display_name":"Enzyme","level":2,"score":0.1428799033164978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000074425","descriptor_name":"Aldo-Keto Reductase Family 1 Member C3","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000230","descriptor_name":"Adenocarcinoma","qualifier_ui":"Q000201","qualifier_name":"enzymology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000230","descriptor_name":"Adenocarcinoma","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005770","descriptor_name":"Gastrointestinal Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000201","qualifier_name":"enzymology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005770","descriptor_name":"Gastrointestinal Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006911","descriptor_name":"Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenases","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007150","descriptor_name":"Immunohistochemistry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008175","descriptor_name":"Lung Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000201","qualifier_name":"enzymology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008175","descriptor_name":"Lung Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010190","descriptor_name":"Pancreatic Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000201","qualifier_name":"enzymology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010190","descriptor_name":"Pancreatic Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011379","descriptor_name":"Prognosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014408","descriptor_name":"Biomarkers, Tumor","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015096","descriptor_name":"3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018358","descriptor_name":"Neuroendocrine Tumors","qualifier_ui":"Q000201","qualifier_name":"enzymology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018358","descriptor_name":"Neuroendocrine Tumors","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2812485","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3816811","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:24228104","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24228104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of clinical and experimental pathology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3816811","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3816811/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Int J Clin Exp Pathol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"mag:10145687","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24228104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2812485","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3816811","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9537000060081482}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4473694703","display_name":"Mentoring Translational Cancer Research in Oklahoma","funder_award_id":"P20GM103639","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","funder_display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04q48ey07"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W331570378","https://openalex.org/W333342186","https://openalex.org/W1521225971","https://openalex.org/W1524137089","https://openalex.org/W1770562442","https://openalex.org/W1872057770","https://openalex.org/W1938822453","https://openalex.org/W1984253132","https://openalex.org/W1990051527","https://openalex.org/W1992799435","https://openalex.org/W1994057271","https://openalex.org/W2008690941","https://openalex.org/W2011478728","https://openalex.org/W2013837323","https://openalex.org/W2023007598","https://openalex.org/W2023180521","https://openalex.org/W2026546941","https://openalex.org/W2031301095","https://openalex.org/W2032301907","https://openalex.org/W2033488088","https://openalex.org/W2034303217","https://openalex.org/W2045040068","https://openalex.org/W2045439485","https://openalex.org/W2066518128","https://openalex.org/W2077301757","https://openalex.org/W2115131467","https://openalex.org/W2130064337","https://openalex.org/W2130690545","https://openalex.org/W2136750233","https://openalex.org/W2168963947","https://openalex.org/W2401471962"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W333342186","https://openalex.org/W2034303217","https://openalex.org/W2023007598","https://openalex.org/W2901815236","https://openalex.org/W2013837323","https://openalex.org/W2909808323","https://openalex.org/W1551341102","https://openalex.org/W2943208181","https://openalex.org/W2601143374","https://openalex.org/W4392592704"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Human":[0],"aldo-keto":[1],"reductase":[2,34,45],"family":[3],"1":[4],"member":[5],"C3":[6],"(AKR1C3)":[7],"was":[8,28,60,146,194],"initially":[9],"identified":[10],"as":[11],"an":[12],"enzyme":[13],"in":[14,36,47,56,62,72,88,96,109,134,141,148,156,163,191,196,212,237],"reducing":[15],"5\u03b1-dihydrotestosterone":[16],"(5\u03b1-DHT)":[17],"to":[18,25,31],"5\u03b1-androstane-3\u03b1,":[19],"17\u03b2-diol":[20],"(3\u03b1-diol)":[21],"and":[22,42,50,70,78,92,115,126,173,175,181,219],"oxidizing":[23],"3\u03b1-diol":[24],"androsterone.":[26],"It":[27],"subsequently":[29],"demonstrated":[30,61,129],"possess":[32],"ketosteroid":[33],"activity":[35,46,55],"metabolizing":[37,48,57],"other":[38],"steroids":[39],"including":[40,66,76],"estrogen":[41],"progesterone,":[43],"11-ketoprostaglandin":[44],"prostaglandins,":[49],"dihydrodiol":[51],"dehydrogenase":[52],"x":[53],"(DDx)":[54],"xenobiotics.":[58],"AKR1C3":[59,87,108,133,190,223],"sex":[63,73],"hormone-dependent":[64],"tissues":[65,75],"testis,":[67],"breast,":[68],"endometrium,":[69],"prostate;":[71],"hormone-independent":[74],"kidney":[77],"urothelium.":[79],"Our":[80],"previous":[81],"study":[82],"described":[83],"the":[84,105,123,171,179,200,207,213,231,234],"expression":[85,106,131],"of":[86,107,132,152,160,188,209,215,233],"squamous":[89],"cell":[90,98],"carcinoma":[91],"adenocarcinoma":[93],"but":[94,139,154],"not":[95,140],"small":[97,201],"carcinoma.":[99],"In":[100,221],"this":[101],"report,":[102],"we":[103],"studied":[104],"normal":[110,216],"tissue,":[111],"adenocarcinomas":[112],"(43":[113],"cases)":[114,120],"neuroendocrine":[116],"(NE)":[117],"tumors":[118,162,168,177,193,197],"(40":[119],"arising":[121,169,198],"from":[122,170,178,199],"aerodigestive":[124],"tract":[125],"pancreas.":[127],"We":[128],"wide":[130],"superficially":[135],"located":[136],"mucosal":[137,217],"cells,":[138],"NE":[142,161,167,192,235],"cells.":[143],"AKR1C3-positive":[144],"immunoreactivity":[145],"detected":[147],"38":[149],"cases":[150,158],"(88.4%)":[151],"adenocarcinoma,":[153],"only":[155],"7":[157],"(17.5%)":[159],"all":[164],"cases.":[165],"All":[166],"pancreas":[172],"appendix":[174],"most":[176],"colon":[180],"lung":[182],"were":[183],"negative.":[184],"The":[185],"highest":[186],"ratio":[187],"positive":[189],"found":[195],"intestine":[202],"(50%).":[203],"These":[204],"results":[205],"raise":[206],"question":[208],"AKR1C3's":[210],"role":[211],"biology":[214],"epithelia":[218],"tumors.":[220],"addition,":[222],"may":[224],"be":[225],"a":[226],"useful":[227],"adjunct":[228],"marker":[229],"for":[230],"exclusion":[232],"phenotype":[236],"diagnostic":[238],"pathology.":[239]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
