{"id":"https://openalex.org/W10141755","doi":null,"title":"[Evaluation of an increased blood level of GGT, CDT, methanol, acetone and isopropanol in alcohol intoxicated automobile drivers. Alcoholism indicators instead of medical-psychological examination].","display_name":"[Evaluation of an increased blood level of GGT, CDT, methanol, acetone and isopropanol in alcohol intoxicated automobile drivers. Alcoholism indicators instead of medical-psychological examination].","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W10141755","mag":"10141755","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7986482"},"language":"de","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:7986482","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7986482","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Blutalkohol","raw_type":"English Abstract"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020197745","display_name":"Rolf Iffland","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180923762","display_name":"University of Cologne","ror":"https://ror.org/00rcxh774","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180923762"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R Iffland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut f\u00fcr Rechtsmedizin, Universit\u00e4t zu K\u00f6ln"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut f\u00fcr Rechtsmedizin, Universit\u00e4t zu K\u00f6ln","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180923762"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002745374","display_name":"M P Balling","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M P Balling","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001662923","display_name":"G Boersch","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G B\u00f6rsch","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010730319","display_name":"Christian Herold","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7097-2057","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7097-2057"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C Herold","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036195175","display_name":"W Kaschade","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W Kaschade","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"T L\u00f6ffler","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T L\u00f6ffler","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048445041","display_name":"U Schmidtmann","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"U Schmidtmann","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027413008","display_name":"J Stettner","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J Stettner","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5272,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78550043,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"5","first_page":"273","last_page":"314"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10800","display_name":"Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis","score":0.8144999742507935,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3005","display_name":"Toxicology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10800","display_name":"Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis","score":0.8144999742507935,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3005","display_name":"Toxicology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10043","display_name":"Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes","score":0.09669999778270721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11207","display_name":"Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects","score":0.0608999989926815,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2734","display_name":"Pathology and Forensic Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alcohol-intoxication","display_name":"alcohol intoxication","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drunk-driving","display_name":"drunk driving","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gamma-glutamyl-transferase","display_name":"gamma-glutamyl transferase","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbohydrate-deficient-transferrin","display_name":"carbohydrate-deficient transferrin","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/methanol","display_name":"methanol","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acetone","display_name":"acetone","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/isopropanol","display_name":"isopropanol","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-alcohol-concentration","display_name":"blood alcohol concentration","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alcohol-abuse","display_name":"alcohol abuse","score":0.5699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dui-offenders","display_name":"DUI offenders","score":0.6679999828338623}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781066024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156","display_name":"Alcohol","level":2,"score":0.7507067918777466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019635848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154","display_name":"Alcohol consumption","level":3,"score":0.5922442674636841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779607525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14982","display_name":"Methanol","level":2,"score":0.5336592793464661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48856860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12029","display_name":"Addiction","level":2,"score":0.5186511874198914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781213060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49546","display_name":"Acetone","level":2,"score":0.4950243830680847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994312012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q886470","display_name":"Blood alcohol","level":4,"score":0.4868859350681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4500279724597931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018430727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11058472","display_name":"Alcohol intake","level":3,"score":0.4472799301147461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779436514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4713263","display_name":"Alcohol dependence","level":3,"score":0.42853885889053345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.324552059173584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.3177753686904907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190385971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373494","display_name":"Injury prevention","level":3,"score":0.30852383375167847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.2911399006843567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.2850078344345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.24741339683532715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.16181683540344238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.10089737176895142}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000096","descriptor_name":"Acetone","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000428","descriptor_name":"Alcohol Drinking","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000431","descriptor_name":"Ethanol","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000432","descriptor_name":"Methanol","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000433","descriptor_name":"1-Propanol","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000435","descriptor_name":"Alcoholic Intoxication","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000435","descriptor_name":"Alcoholic Intoxication","qualifier_ui":"Q000201","qualifier_name":"enzymology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000437","descriptor_name":"Alcoholism","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000437","descriptor_name":"Alcoholism","qualifier_ui":"Q000201","qualifier_name":"enzymology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001334","descriptor_name":"Automobile Driving","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005723","descriptor_name":"gamma-Glutamyltransferase","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005858","descriptor_name":"Germany","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012016","descriptor_name":"Reference Values","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014168","descriptor_name":"Transferrin","qualifier_ui":"Q000031","qualifier_name":"analogs & derivatives","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014168","descriptor_name":"Transferrin","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:7986482","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7986482","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Blutalkohol","raw_type":"English Abstract"},{"id":"mag:10141755","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7986482","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:573511350","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://trid.trb.org/view/1000321","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306504539","display_name":"Blutalkohol","issn_l":"0006-5250","issn":["0006-5250"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Blutalkohol","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9391000270843506,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W573511350","https://openalex.org/W47915551","https://openalex.org/W122050580","https://openalex.org/W2259681234","https://openalex.org/W565748496","https://openalex.org/W2253638465","https://openalex.org/W626118499","https://openalex.org/W614538268","https://openalex.org/W2156433246","https://openalex.org/W613289684"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Several":[0],"thousand":[1],"blood":[2,27,46,273,278],"samples":[3,25,47],"were":[4,48,76,84],"taken":[5,275],"from":[6,271],"alcoholized":[7],"drivers":[8,186,210,255],"at":[9,21],"the":[10,16,51,61,68,135,188,199,233,237,272,277,290],"Blood":[11],"Alcohol":[12,281],"Examination":[13],"Centre":[14],"of":[15,18,70,121,161,172,185,190],"Institute":[17],"legal":[19],"Medicine":[20],"Cologne":[22],"University.":[23],"These":[24],"showed":[26],"alcohol":[28,43,138,165,191,194,212,222,269,279],"contents":[29],"(BAC)":[30],"as":[31,33,300,302],"well":[32,301],"GGT,":[34],"CDT,":[35],"methanol,":[36],"acetone":[37,110],"and":[38,54,109,111,134,140,152,236,286,307],"isopropanol":[39,112],"levels":[40,154,171,195],"which":[41,167],"indicated":[42],"addiction.":[44],"The":[45,86,119,170,183,263],"selected":[49],"by":[50,117],"drivers'":[52],"ages":[53],"their":[55],"BAC,":[56],"but":[57],"in":[58,127],"some":[59],"cases":[60,71,80],"GGT":[62,95,147],"also":[63,126],"played":[64],"a":[65,90,243],"role.":[66],"In":[67,78],"majority":[69],"1":[72],"or":[73],"2":[74],"parameters":[75,88,122],"measured.":[77],"200":[79],"all":[81],"four":[82,87],"indicators":[83,174,235,265],"determined.":[85],"characterize":[89,113],"different":[91],"problematic":[92,193],"drinking":[93,108],"behaviour.":[94],"characterizes":[96,101,105],"chronic,":[97],"long-term":[98],"misuse,":[99,103],"CDT":[100,153],"occasional":[102],"methanol":[104],"current":[106],"addicted":[107,220],"metabolic":[114],"disorders":[115],"caused":[116],"alcohol.":[118],"importance":[120],"is":[123,201,239,245,295],"thoroughly":[124],"discussed,":[125],"relation":[128,136],"to":[129,180,221,246],"incorrectly":[130],"measured":[131],"positive":[132],"values":[133,143],"between":[137,232],"consumption":[139],"-problems.":[141],"Methanol":[142],"above":[144,149,155,178,202,259],"10":[145],"mg/kg,":[146],"activities":[148],"100":[150],"U/l":[151,157],"60":[156],"provide":[158],"sufficient":[159],"proof":[160],"there":[162,207],"being":[163,303],"an":[164,268],"problem":[166,270],"requires":[168],"treatment.":[169],"other":[173],"need":[175],"not":[176],"be":[177,247,251,284],"normal":[179],"determine":[181],"this.":[182],"proportion":[184],"under":[187],"influence":[189],"with":[192,211,214,254],"increases":[196],"significantly":[197],"when":[198],"BAC":[200,216,238,257],"2.0":[203,260],"per":[204,261],"mille.":[205,262],"However,":[206],"have":[208],"been":[209],"problems":[213,282],"lower":[215],"levels.":[217],"DUI":[218,291],"offenders":[219],"are":[223],"quite":[224],"frequently":[225],"over":[226],"40":[227],"years":[228],"old.":[229],"A":[230],"correlation":[231,244],"single":[234],"rarely":[240],"found.":[241],"If":[242],"found,":[248],"it":[249],"would":[250,266],"most":[252],"likely":[253],"whose":[256],"lies":[258],"mentioned":[264],"detect":[267],"sample":[274],"for":[276],"test.":[280],"may":[283],"detected":[285],"treated":[287],"shortly":[288],"after":[289],"offence.":[292],"This":[293],"method":[294],"comparatively":[296],"cheaper":[297],"than":[298],"medical-psychological-examinations":[299],"based":[304],"on":[305],"objective":[306],"verifiable":[308],"parameters.":[309]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}