{"id":"https://openalex.org/W100997945","doi":null,"title":"The benefits of the CAGE as a screening tool for alcoholism in a closed rural South African community.","display_name":"The benefits of the CAGE as a screening tool for alcoholism in a closed rural South African community.","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W100997945","mag":"100997945","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10554635"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:10554635","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10554635","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001827056","display_name":"J N Claassen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80281795","display_name":"University of Otago","ror":"https://ror.org/01jmxt844","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80281795"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J N Claassen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80281795"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001827056"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80281795"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.01204996,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"89","issue":"9","first_page":"976","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10043","display_name":"Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10043","display_name":"Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11207","display_name":"Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects","score":0.002099999925121665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2734","display_name":"Pathology and Forensic Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10272","display_name":"Mental Health Treatment and Access","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cage-questionnaire","display_name":"CAGE questionnaire","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alcoholism","display_name":"alcoholism","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alcohol-screening","display_name":"alcohol screening","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-communities","display_name":"rural communities","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alcohol-abuse","display_name":"alcohol abuse","score":0.3479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prevalence","display_name":"prevalence","score":0.4359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity-and-specificity","display_name":"sensitivity and specificity","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underserved-populations","display_name":"underserved populations","score":0.527999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/south-africa","display_name":"South Africa","score":0.5370000004768372}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8198686838150024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779436514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4713263","display_name":"Alcohol dependence","level":3,"score":0.6223788261413574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986257353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3821752","display_name":"Rural community","level":2,"score":0.5066033601760864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129047720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175185","display_name":"Rural area","level":2,"score":0.4989032745361328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780931562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7331102","display_name":"Alcohol abuse","level":2,"score":0.4462135434150696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40010229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3184856","display_name":"Substance abuse","level":2,"score":0.44024011492729187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4113103747367859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.3894864320755005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.37877970933914185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.37088513374328613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.3300122022628784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781066024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156","display_name":"Alcohol","level":2,"score":0.3106396794319153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000428","descriptor_name":"Alcohol Drinking","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000437","descriptor_name":"Alcoholism","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000437","descriptor_name":"Alcoholism","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000437","descriptor_name":"Alcoholism","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008403","descriptor_name":"Mass Screening","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011795","descriptor_name":"Surveys and Questionnaires","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012423","descriptor_name":"Rural Health","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012959","descriptor_name":"Socioeconomic Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013019","descriptor_name":"South Africa","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015995","descriptor_name":"Prevalence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:10554635","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10554635","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:100997945","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10554635","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.98580002784729,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2159338683","https://openalex.org/W1975241950","https://openalex.org/W2000720020","https://openalex.org/W2141670140","https://openalex.org/W2084243183","https://openalex.org/W2320929122","https://openalex.org/W2496154656","https://openalex.org/W2415306087","https://openalex.org/W1994606025","https://openalex.org/W2032051219"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"Testing":[1],"the":[2,5,40,68,93,153,175],"benefits":[3],"of":[4,23,63,72,79,95,101,120,125,145,155,174],"CAGE":[6,37,111,176],"questionnaire":[7,38],"(a":[8],"four-item":[9],"test":[10],"with":[11,133],"questions":[12],"on":[13],"Cutting":[14],"down,":[15],"Annoyance":[16],"at":[17,82],"criticism,":[18],"Guilty":[19],"feelings":[20],"and":[21,39,42,51,122,152,184,191],"use":[22],"Eye-openers)":[24],"in":[25,30,67,104,137,149,158,193],"screening":[26,135],"for":[27,48,127,188],"possible":[28],"alcoholism":[29],"rural":[31,65,161,194],"underserviced":[32],"South":[33,73,162],"Africa.":[34,74],"DESIGN:":[35],"The":[36,76,99,109,142],"Diagnostic":[41],"Statistical":[43],"Manual":[44],"i.v.":[45],"diagnostic":[46],"criteria":[47],"substance":[49],"abuse":[50,192],"dependence":[52,103,147,190],"were":[53],"used":[54],"to":[55],"screen":[56],"a":[57,64,118,123,166],"representative":[58],"sample":[59],"(N":[60],"=":[61],"96)":[62],"community":[66,78,106],"North":[69],"West":[70],"province":[71],"SETTING:":[75],"closed":[77],"Ammerville":[80],"situated":[81],"Fraserburg,":[83],"approximately":[84],"500":[85],"km":[86],"from":[87],"Cape":[88],"Town.":[89],"SUBJECTS:":[90],"Adults":[91],"above":[92],"age":[94],"18":[96],"years.":[97],"RESULTS:":[98],"prevalence":[100,144],"alcohol":[102,128,146,189],"this":[105,150],"was":[107],"56%.":[108],"'positive'":[110],"(two":[112],"or":[113],"more":[114],"affirmative":[115],"replies)":[116],"showed":[117],"sensitivity":[119],"100%":[121],"specificity":[124],"78%":[126],"dependence.":[129],"This":[130],"compared":[131],"favourably":[132],"similar":[134,160],"results":[136,157],"other":[138,178],"clinical":[139],"settings.":[140],"CONCLUSIONS:":[141],"high":[143],"(56%)":[148],"community,":[151],"possibility":[154],"comparable":[156],"many":[159],"African":[163],"communities,":[164],"reflect":[165],"startling":[167],"reality":[168],"that":[169],"should":[170,196],"be":[171,197],"addressed.":[172],"Use":[173],"by":[177],"than":[179],"traditional":[180],"sources":[181],"is":[182],"recommended":[183],"emphasised.":[185],"Treatment":[186],"modalities":[187],"areas":[195],"developed.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}