{"id":"https://openalex.org/W10077100","doi":null,"title":"The Ethical Perceptions of Small Business Owners: A Factor Analytic Study","display_name":"The Ethical Perceptions of Small Business Owners: A Factor Analytic Study","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W10077100","mag":"10077100"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:10077100","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-16528334/the-ethical-perceptions-of-small-business-owners","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S78792899","display_name":"Journal of Small Business Management","issn_l":"0047-2778","issn":["0047-2778","0447-2778","1540-627X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-2","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Small Business Management","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006192579","display_name":"Jeffrey S. Hornsby","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3946-135X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3946-135X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeffrey S. Hornsby","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070430019","display_name":"Donald F. Kuratko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2357-8879","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2357-8879"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Donald F. Kuratko","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083903108","display_name":"Douglas W. Naffziger","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Douglas W. Naffziger","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057448608","display_name":"William R. LaFollette","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William R. LaFolette","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090537308","display_name":"Richard M. Hodgetts","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard M. Hodgetts","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":66,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00198138,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"4","first_page":"9","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11058","display_name":"Ethics in Business and Education","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11058","display_name":"Ethics in Business and Education","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13972","display_name":"Business Law and Ethics","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethical-perception","display_name":"ethical perception","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-business-owners","display_name":"small business owners","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/owner-managers","display_name":"owner-managers","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethical-decision-making","display_name":"ethical decision-making","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/factor-structure","display_name":"factor structure","score":0.6029999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethical-dimension","display_name":"ethical dimension","score":0.3720000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-ethics","display_name":"business ethics","score":0.4050000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-of-conduct","display_name":"codes of conduct","score":0.6460000276565552}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777973936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1109680","display_name":"Small business","level":2,"score":0.5967817902565002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119232533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q873451","display_name":"Business ethics","level":2,"score":0.5552418828010559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5443519949913025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5347231030464172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.520860493183136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4709012806415558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97500466","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7186256","display_name":"Philosophy of business","level":3,"score":0.46266722679138184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.44403570890426636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4258647561073303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34630208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7016388","display_name":"New business development","level":3,"score":0.4243351221084595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97944126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5001864","display_name":"Business decision mapping","level":3,"score":0.4210507571697235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.41749945282936096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3229072391986847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2955131530761719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4216890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815823","display_name":"Business model","level":2,"score":0.2510906457901001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.19600224494934082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186116695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5249226","display_name":"Decision analysis","level":2,"score":0.16946330666542053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:10077100","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-16528334/the-ethical-perceptions-of-small-business-owners","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S78792899","display_name":"Journal of Small Business Management","issn_l":"0047-2778","issn":["0047-2778","0447-2778","1540-627X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-2","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Small Business Management","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W297172978","https://openalex.org/W2965284247","https://openalex.org/W189506342","https://openalex.org/W1531152157","https://openalex.org/W2597470964","https://openalex.org/W28823620","https://openalex.org/W7009532631","https://openalex.org/W15126474","https://openalex.org/W5412194","https://openalex.org/W38471131"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"According":[0],"to":[1,11,179,216,291,337,536,563],"Donaldson":[2],"and":[3,18,22,62,65,68,86,115,140,147,188,314,344,350,353,361,381,387,395,400,436,440,444,448,453,459,463,474,477,513,545,591],"Werhane":[4],"(1993,":[5],"2),":[6],"the":[7,12,23,37,47,50,92,138,163,207,231,240,250,255,271,287,357,368,407,410,467,493,507,519,539,542,550,569,573],"word":[8],"ethics":[27,234,276,429],"refers":[10],"study":[24,238],"of":[14,25,33,43,49,91,137,142,210,243,258,270,284,295,326,363,371,428,469,485,495,521,541,549,552,557,588],"whatever":[15],"is":[16,409,500,527],"right":[17],"good":[19],"for":[20,153,289],"humans":[21],"business":[26,29,54,73,78,172,212,233,245,275,372,412,476,497],"investigates":[28],"practices":[30,340,373],"in":[31,53,100,298,406,430,472,492,506,524,561,572,584],"light":[32],"human":[34],"values.":[35],"Over":[36],"last":[38],"few":[39,421],"years,":[40],"a":[483],"number":[42,283],"researchers":[44],"have":[45,424,510],"discussed":[46,329],"importance":[48],"ethical":[51,82,165,201,208,247,299,339,470,490,522,553],"considerations":[52,209],"decisions.":[55,183],"(Beversluis":[56],"1987;":[57,375,389],"Henderson":[58],"1982;":[59,438,442],"Longenecker,":[60,451],"McKinney,":[61,452],"Moore":[63,454],"1988;":[64,379,383,385],"Stead,":[66],"Worrell,":[67],"Stead":[69],"1990).":[70,402,461],"The":[71,119],"small":[72,98,211,232,244,411,475,496,525],"owner":[74],"personally":[75],"confronts":[76],"numerous":[77],"decisions":[79,199],"that":[80,96,167,194,226,423,479,487,503,518,568],"possess":[81],"challenges.":[83],"Alpander,":[84],"Carter,":[85,146],"Forsgren":[87,148],"(1990)":[88],"identified":[89,229],"some":[90,278],"key":[93],"managerial":[94],"issues":[95,105,160,523],"confront":[97],"businesses":[99,290,335],"their":[101,125,217,296,501],"formative":[102],"years.":[103],"These":[104],"include":[106],"employee":[107],"problems,":[108,112],"product":[109,113],"pricing,":[110],"legal":[111],"quality,":[114],"government":[116],"regulatory":[117],"concerns.":[118],"authors":[120],"state,":[121],"Most":[122],"owner-managers":[123],"described":[124],"decision":[126,156],"process":[127,157],"as":[128,330,367],"an":[129,530],"action":[130],"based":[131],"on":[132,158,415],"significant":[133],"thought,":[134],"conscious":[135],"analysis":[136],"problem,":[139],"evaluation":[141],"available":[143],"alternatives":[144],"(Alpander,":[145],"1990,":[149,318],"15).":[150],"One":[151],"reason":[152],"this":[154],"careful":[155],"these":[159],"may":[161,174,195],"be":[162,196,228,577,582],"possible":[164,256],"ramifications":[166],"each":[168],"issue":[169],"possesses.":[170],"Small":[171],"owners":[173,213],"often":[175],"find":[176],"it":[177,580],"difficult":[178],"make":[180],"purely":[181],"impersonal":[182],"Venture":[184],"success,":[185],"financial":[186],"opportunity,":[187],"new-product":[189],"development":[190],"are":[191,206,328,365,418,481],"all":[192],"areas":[193],"impacted":[197],"by":[198,333],"having":[200],"consequences":[202],"(Hosmer":[203],"1987).":[204,355],"What":[205],"with":[214],"regard":[215],"decisions?":[218],"Are":[219],"there":[220,480],"any":[221],"underlying":[222,259],"dimensions":[223,260],"or":[224],"factors":[225],"can":[227,509],"within":[230],"area?":[235],"This":[236],"current":[237,574],"investigated":[239],"factor":[241],"structure":[242],"owners'":[246],"perceptions.":[248],"Specifically,":[249],"research":[589],"question":[252],"centers":[253],"around":[254],"existence":[257],"which":[261,334],"guide":[262],"owner/managers'":[263],"behaviors.":[264],"BUSINESS":[265],"ETHICS":[266],"LITERATURE":[267],"A":[268,403],"review":[269],"recent":[272],"literature":[273,408,575],"concerning":[274],"reveals":[277],"distinct":[279],"points.":[280],"First,":[281],"articles":[285],"extol":[286],"need":[288],"become":[292],"more":[293],"aware":[294],"role":[297],"behavior":[300],"(Berenbeim":[301],"1987,":[302],"Andrews":[303,376],"1989,":[304,310],"Frederick":[305],"1988,":[306,308,316],"Goddard":[307,384],"Hector":[309],"Von":[311],"der":[312],"Embse":[313],"Wagley":[315],"Shostack":[317],"Evans":[319],"1991,":[320],"Werner":[321],"1992).":[322],"Second,":[323],"corporate":[324],"codes":[325],"conduct":[327],"means":[332],"attempt":[336],"support":[338],"(Robin,":[341],"Giallourakis,":[342],"David,":[343],"Moritz":[345],"1989;":[346,348,352,377,391,450,455],"Brooks":[347],"McDonald":[349],"Zepp":[351],"Epstein":[354],"Third,":[356],"specific":[358],"value":[359],"systems":[360],"attitudes":[362],"executives":[364],"examined":[366,425],"ultimate":[369],"source":[370],"(Cadbury":[374],"Lank":[378],"Giagalone":[380],"Ashworth":[382],"Barnett":[386],"Karson":[388],"Gellerman":[390],"Kirrane":[392],"1990;":[393,397],"Reilly":[394],"Kyj":[396],"Enz,":[398],"Dollinger,":[399],"Daily":[401],"final":[404],"emphasis":[405],"owner's":[413],"perspective":[414],"ethics.":[416],"There":[417],"only":[419,482],"studies":[422],"different":[426],"features":[427],"smaller":[431],"firms":[432,526],"(Wilson":[433],"1980;":[434],"Brown":[435],"King":[437],"Chrisman":[439],"Fry":[441],"Timmons":[443],"Stevenson":[445],"1983;":[446],"Hills":[447],"Narayana":[449],"Humphreys,":[456],"Robin,":[457],"Reidenbach,":[458],"Moak":[460],"Dees":[462,544],"Starr":[464,546,592],"(1992)":[465],"reviewed":[466],"state":[468],"entrepreneurship":[473],"concluded":[478],"handful":[484],"papers":[486],"explicitly":[488],"address":[489],"questions":[491],"context":[494],"management.":[559],"It":[499],"contention":[502],"solid":[504,586],"area":[508],"both":[511],"academic":[532],"practical":[514],"benefits.":[515],"They":[516],"believe":[517],"examination":[520],"not":[528],"simply":[529],"idle":[531],"query.":[533],"In":[534],"order":[535,562],"better":[537],"understand":[538],"complexity":[540],"issue,":[543],"suggest":[547],"investigation":[548],"types":[551],"dilemmas":[554],"most":[555],"characteristic":[556],"entrepreneurial":[558],"However,":[560],"accomplish":[564],"this,":[565],"they":[566],"conclude":[567],"material":[570],"found":[571],"would":[576],"stronger":[578],"if":[579],"could":[581],"grounded":[583],"base":[587],"(Dees":[590],"1992,":[593],"91).":[594],"\u2026":[595]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}