{"id":"https://openalex.org/W100662487","doi":null,"title":"Native Language versus National Language Literacy: Choices and Dilemmas in School Instruction Medium.","display_name":"Native Language versus National Language Literacy: Choices and Dilemmas in School Instruction Medium.","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W100662487","mag":"100662487"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:100662487","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED416442","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028658627","display_name":"Victoria Baker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0495-9353","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0495-9353"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Victoria Baker","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0495-9353","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028658627"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.03663587,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10265","display_name":"Multilingual Education and Policy","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10265","display_name":"Multilingual Education and Policy","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12542","display_name":"Second Language Learning and Teaching","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13727","display_name":"Linguistic and Sociocultural Studies","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mother-tongue-education","display_name":"mother tongue education","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-of-instruction","display_name":"language of instruction","score":0.6029999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilingual-education","display_name":"multilingual education","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/official-language-policy","display_name":"official language policy","score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-unity","display_name":"national unity","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-progress","display_name":"social progress","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/textbook-availability","display_name":"textbook availability","score":0.4259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-shortage","display_name":"teacher shortage","score":0.5879999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-schools","display_name":"rural schools","score":0.5360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zimbabwe","display_name":"Zimbabwe","score":0.35100001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/senegal","display_name":"Senegal","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thailand","display_name":"Thailand","score":0.5170000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/papua-new-guinea","display_name":"Papua New Guinea","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sri-lanka","display_name":"Sri Lanka","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethiopia","display_name":"Ethiopia","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malawi","display_name":"Malawi","score":0.9509999752044678}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776273917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6807178","display_name":"Medium of instruction","level":2,"score":0.6969967484474182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171041071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36870","display_name":"First language","level":2,"score":0.5770555138587952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547764534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8236","display_name":"Literacy","level":2,"score":0.5724244713783264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780386941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1036511","display_name":"Vernacular","level":2,"score":0.5498656034469604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7928819","display_name":"Viewpoints","level":2,"score":0.5254137516021729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.41100582480430603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.4001684784889221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.36598122119903564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.3343115746974945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.32694071531295776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.30772560834884644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.27634501457214355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:100662487","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED416442","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.975600004196167}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.8899999856948853}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W17785619","https://openalex.org/W260721697","https://openalex.org/W272089545","https://openalex.org/W2055099611","https://openalex.org/W2093473921"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4238559987","https://openalex.org/W2083807679","https://openalex.org/W2803459114","https://openalex.org/W1543204816","https://openalex.org/W4312344894","https://openalex.org/W3110867406","https://openalex.org/W1977312882","https://openalex.org/W6913061063","https://openalex.org/W3202933848","https://openalex.org/W2906131334"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,151,185],"notion":[1],"of":[2,53,73,105,114,122,127,130,140,234],"national":[3,83],"unity":[4,84],"through":[5],"a":[6,138,169,179,232],"single":[7],"official":[8],"language":[9,171,177],"is":[10,209],"defended":[11],"by":[12,249],"policy":[13],"makers,":[14],"who":[15],"point":[16],"out":[17],"the":[18,27,51,54,70,79,88,101,117,147,198,203,215,225,252,261],"practical":[19],"and":[20,46,57,68,75,82,85,100,134,137,142,160,218],"financial":[21],"drawbacks":[22],"involved":[23],"in":[24,26,29,37,107,116,146,168,197,202,229],"teaching":[25,115],"vernacular":[28],"multilingual":[30,110],"nations.":[31],"Findings":[32],"from":[33,62,260],"grassroots-level":[34],"case":[35,153],"studies":[36,67,154],"Senegal,":[38],"Zimbabwe,":[39],"Ethiopia,":[40],"Malawi,":[41],"Thailand,":[42],"Papua":[43],"New":[44],"Guinea,":[45],"Sri":[47],"Lanka":[48],"attest":[49],"to":[50,156,189],"complexity":[52],"participants'":[55],"perceptions":[56],"desires.":[58],"Additional":[59],"comparative":[60],"data":[61],"other":[63,143],"countries":[64],"echo":[65],"these":[66],"underscore":[69],"recurring":[71],"themes":[72],"usefulness":[222],"social":[76,183],"advancement":[77],"on":[78,87],"one":[80],"hand,":[81],"progress":[86],"other.":[89],"A":[90],"colossal":[91],"gap":[92],"exists":[93],"between":[94],"what":[95],"theorists":[96],"proclaim":[97],"as":[98,178,224],"ideal,":[99],"real-life":[102],"empirical":[103],"world":[104],"schools":[106],"very":[108],"poor":[109],"countries.":[111],"Practical":[112],"problems":[113],"mother":[118],"tongue":[119],"are":[120,162,220,251],"those":[121],"alphabet,":[123],"transcriptions,":[124],"phonetics,":[125],"paucity":[126],"vocabulary,":[128],"lack":[129],"resources":[131],"for":[132,182,191],"programs":[133],"trained":[135],"teachers,":[136],"shortage":[139],"textbooks":[141],"printed":[144,210],"matter":[145],"new":[148],"literate":[149],"languages.":[150],"diverse":[152],"tend":[155],"show":[157],"that":[158,175,254],"parents":[159],"pupils":[161],"satisfied":[163],"with":[164],"school":[165],"instruction":[166,236],"being":[167],"dominant":[170,176],"if":[172,207],"they":[173],"see":[174],"possible":[180],"vehicle":[181],"advancement.":[184],"Zimbabwe":[186],"model":[187],"seems":[188],"work":[190],"many":[192],"rural":[193],"schools:":[194],"basic":[195],"literacy":[196,235],"first":[199],"three":[200],"grades":[201],"native":[204],"language,":[205],"especially":[206],"there":[208],"reading":[211],"material":[212],"available.":[213],"When":[214],"numerous":[216],"variables":[217],"viewpoints":[219],"considered,":[221],"emerges":[223],"most":[226],"important":[227],"factor":[228],"predicting":[230],"whether":[231],"choice":[233],"medium":[237],"will":[238],"be":[239,256],"successful.":[240],"(Contains":[241],"11":[242],"references.)":[243],"(NKA)":[244],"********************************************************************************":[245,265],"*":[246,258,259,264],"Reproductions":[247],"supplied":[248],"EDRS":[250],"best":[253],"can":[255],"made":[257],"original":[262],"document.":[263],"LITERACY.":[266],"gi":[267],"NA;":[268],"-tit":[269]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T04:12:42.849631","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}