{"id":"https://openalex.org/W100217140","doi":null,"title":"A computational model of scientific insight","display_name":"A computational model of scientific insight","publication_year":1986,"publication_date":"1986-12-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W100217140","mag":"100217140"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org/ark:/13030/qt54x8v354","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/54x8v354","pdf_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/54x8v354","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/54x8v354","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081275482","display_name":"Pat Langley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5260-7048","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5260-7048"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pat Langley","raw_affiliation_strings":["U California, Dept of Computer Science, Irvine, CA, US"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5260-7048","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U California, Dept of Computer Science, Irvine, CA, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103883315","display_name":"Randolph Jones","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Randolph Jones","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9264,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":147,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7978236,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.32249999046325684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.32249999046325684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11079","display_name":"Creativity in Education and Neuroscience","score":0.24879999458789825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14394","display_name":"Cognitive Science and Education Research","score":0.1695999950170517,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scientific-insight","display_name":"scientific insight","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analogical-reasoning","display_name":"analogical reasoning","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-term-memory","display_name":"long-term memory","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spreading-activation","display_name":"spreading activation","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qualitative-models","display_name":"qualitative models","score":0.8539999723434448}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521332185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185816","display_name":"Analogy","level":2,"score":0.8930891752243042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50335755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483247","display_name":"Phenomenon","level":2,"score":0.8404689431190491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.6208972930908203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.598758339881897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.5003559589385986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4817045331001282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.43884554505348206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985612853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185816","display_name":"Analogical reasoning","level":3,"score":0.4259629249572754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66024118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122506","display_name":"Computational model","level":2,"score":0.41641467809677124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.415710985660553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4050189256668091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.22123530507087708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.10640904307365417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org/ark:/13030/qt54x8v354","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/54x8v354","pdf_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/54x8v354","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:ADA178280","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA178280","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923043","display_name":"Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"DTIC AND NTIS","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"mag:100217140","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/content/qt54x8v354/qt54x8v354.pdf?t=q67esd","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org/ark:/13030/qt54x8v354","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/54x8v354","pdf_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/54x8v354","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W100217140.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W100217140.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7213472524","https://openalex.org/W7107962256","https://openalex.org/W2080408188","https://openalex.org/W2152738667","https://openalex.org/W2145879540","https://openalex.org/W7095971729","https://openalex.org/W155954294","https://openalex.org/W2102416008","https://openalex.org/W2488392769","https://openalex.org/W2982942112"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Scientific":[0],"discoveries":[1],"often":[2],"take":[3],"the":[4,19,40,53,73],"form":[5,89],"of":[6,29,36,39,76,90,106],"insight,":[7],"in":[8,102,108,124],"which":[9],"previously":[10],"unseen":[11],"and":[12,46,115],"unexpected":[13],"connections":[14],"suddenly":[15],"reveal":[16],"themselves":[17],"to":[18,51,64],"mind.":[20],"In":[21,93],"this":[22,30,84],"paper,":[23],"we":[24,86,97,119],"present":[25],"a":[26,34,88],"computational":[27],"theory":[28],"phenomenon.":[31,54],"We":[32,69],"recount":[33],"number":[35],"well-known":[37],"examples":[38],"process,":[41],"along":[42],"with":[43],"some":[44,122],"early":[45],"recent":[47],"theories":[48,60],"that":[49],"attempt":[50],"explain":[52,70],"However,":[55],"our":[56,95],"reservations":[57],"about":[58],"these":[59,125],"have":[61,98],"led":[62],"us":[63],"develop":[65],"an":[66,77],"alternative":[67],"model.":[68],"insight":[71],"as":[72],"sudden":[74],"retrieval":[75],"analogy":[78,114],"from":[79],"long-term":[80],"memory.":[81],"To":[82],"model":[83],"retrieval,":[85],"use":[87],"spreading":[91],"activation.":[92],"constructing":[94],"framework,":[96],"built":[99],"on":[100,111],"research":[101,107],"two":[103],"separate":[104],"lines":[105],"cognitive":[109],"science":[110],"reasoning":[112],"by":[113],"qualitative":[116],"models.":[117],"Thus,":[118],"also":[120],"review":[121],"work":[123],"areas.":[126]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}